社会化养老实践中的国家与社会关系——基于上海市潍坊街道的调查分析

State-society Relations in the Practice of Social Old-age Care——Based on the Investigation and Analysis of Weifang Street in Shanghai

社会化养老的有效推进,需要正确处理国家与社会之间的关系,因为二者的良性互动是破解养老难题的关键。从上海市潍坊街道的实地调查可见,社会化养老服务实践中的国家与社会关系因多元参与而模式各异,但整体上呈现出了"依附式互动"的模式,互依性是其基本特征,支持和协商是其核心机制。社会组织的行为体现为"依附式自主",其国家与社会关系也相应呈现出依附式发展的趋势。同时,当前社会化养老模式仍然面临公益与赢利的冲突、补缺与多元的张力,尚需建立多层次养老服务体系,适当引入竞争机制,加大政策扶持,重视家庭养老,以最终推进社会化养老服务的高质量发展。

The effective promotion of social old-age care needs to correctly handle the state-society relations, because the benign interaction between the two is the key to solving the problem of pension. Based on the field investigation of Weifang Street in Shanghai, this study found that in the practice of socialized pension service, the relationship between the state and society varies from one mode to another due to multiple participation, but on the whole, it presents a model of " dependent interaction". Interdependence is its basic feature, and support and negotiation are its core mechanisms. The behavior of social organizations is embodied in "dependent autonomy", and the state-society relations also show a trend of dependent development. At the same time, the current socialized pension model is still facing the tension between public welfare and profit, compensation and pluralism. It still needs to establish a multilevel old-age care service system, appropriately introduce a competition mechanism, increase policy support, and attach importance to family old-age care, in order to finally promote the high-quality development of social old-age care services.