元代南迁蒙古族居住理念演变探析

A Study on the Evolution of the living Concepts of the Mongolians Migrating South in the Yuan Dynasty

人类建筑形式和居住习俗的演变,是与其所处自然生态及人文社会环境等紧密相连的。蒙古族原主要居住在大漠南北,过着以穹庐为屋,逐水草而迁徙的生活。元朝建立后,南迁的蒙古族逐渐由游牧走向定居。随着居住环境、政治形势、社会经济等因素的变化,通过与他族杂居共处,彼此交融,其建筑风格和居住理念也发生演变,既保留某些包含浓郁草原风情的习俗,又汲取海内外相关文化精华,使居住文化更加丰富多彩,具有时代特色。

The evolution of human architectural forms and residential customs is closely related to the natural ecology and social en- vironment. Mainly living in the north and south of the desert, the Mongolians led a life by living in felt tents and migrating to somewhere with water and grass. After the establishment of the Yuan dynasty, the Mongolians migrating south gradually settled down instead of roving around as nomads. With the changes of living environment, political situation as well as the social and economic factors, and the integration with other ethnic groups by living together, their living concepts and fashion also evolved. By both remaining some customs with rich grassland style, and absorbing the essence of the relevant domestic and overseas cultures, their residential culture turned out to be more fulfilling and colorful and imbued with the time characteristics.