密度对玉米土壤微环境·农艺性状·产量的影响

Effects of Density on Soil Microenvironment, Agronomic Characters and Yield of Maize

以凤玉906、郑单958、迪卡638 3个紧凑型品种作为试验材料,设置3个种植密度处理:a(5.25万株/hm^2)、b(6.00万株/hm^2)、c(6.75万株/hm^2),研究了3种不同密度对玉米土壤微环境、株高、穗位、茎粗、产量的影响。结果表明,3个品种土壤湿度在3种密度下的最大值都出现在吐丝期,且处理a>处理c>处理b;土壤电导率在吐丝期达到3种密度下的最大值,凤玉906表现为处理b>处理c>处理a,郑单958表现为处理a>处理c>处理b,迪卡638表现为处理b>处理c>处理a;3个品种土壤温度在3个不同密度处理下的最大值都出现在拔节期,凤玉906表现为处理b>处理c>处理a,郑单958和迪卡638都表现为处理b>处理a>处理c。随着种植密度的增加,凤玉906的株高、穗位高、茎粗都呈上升趋势;郑单958的株高、穗位高、茎粗变化不明显;迪卡638的株高、穗位高呈先上升后下降的趋势,茎粗呈下降的趋势。随着种植密度的增加,凤玉906和迪卡638的产量均呈上升趋势,均在c处理下获得最高产量(6 946.53和7 299.40 kg/hm^2);郑单958的产量表现为先上升后下降,在b处理下获得最大产量9 053 kg/hm^2。

Three kinds of compact varieties of Fengyu 906, Zhengdan 958 and Dika 638 were used as experimental materials, and three planting density treatments were set up: a (52.5 thousand plants/hm^2), b (60.0 thousand plants/hm^ 2), c (67.5 thousand plants/hm ^2 ), the effects of three densities on maize soil microenvironment, plant height, ear position, stem diameter and yield were studied.The results showed that the maximum soil moisture of three varieties appeared at silking stage under three densities, and treatment a > treatment c > treatment b;soil electrical conductivity reached the maximum under three densities at silking stage, Fengyu 906 showed treatment b > treatment c > treatment a, Zhengdan 958 showed treatment a > treatment c > treatment b, Dika 638 showed treatment b > treatment c > treatment a;soil temperaturereached the maximum under three densities at jointing stage, Fengyu 906 showed treatment b > treatment c > treatment a, Zhengdan 958 and Deca 638 both showed treatment b > treatment a > treatment c.With the increase of planting density, the plant height, ear position stem diameter and yield of Fengyu 906 showed an upward trend;the plant height, ear position and stem diameter of Zhengdan 958 did not change significantly;the plant height and ear position of Dika 638 increased first and then decreased, while the stem diameter showed a downward trend.With the increase of planting density, the yields of Fengyu 906 and Dika 638 both showed an upward trend, and the highest yields were obtained under c treatment (6 946.53 and 7 299.40 kg/hm ^2);the yield of Zhengdan 958 increased first and then decreased, and the maximum yield was 9 053 kg/hm ^2 under b treatment.