汉语标注外来属性的语素

The Morphemes Labelling Foreign Attributes in Chinese

汉语中,表示外来的人或事物,常在前面加"胡、夷、海、番、鬼、西、洋、外"。它们是标注外来属性的区别性语素,简称标外语素。绝大部分是汉语系统自生的,所构词语属于本族词。标外语素构词,有时能互相替换,形成同义词;也可组合,构成复合属性词或多层定语。来源域的属性值常常二分,标外语素与"华、夏、汉、唐、中、国、土、内"相对。起源多与方位相连,反映了华夏居中的民族自尊心理。

In Chinese, such words as“Hu, Yi, Hai, Fan, Gui, Xi, Yang or Wai” are usually used before persons or things coming from abroad. They are distinctive morphemes that label foreign attributes. Most of them are autogenous in Chinese system, and the constructed words belong to Chinese native words. Sometimes the morphemes for labelling foreign attributes can be replaced by synonyms, and can be combined into compound attributes or Multilevel attributives. The attributive value of the source domain is often divided into two: the morphemes labeling foreign attributes are opposite to“Hua, Xia, Han, Tang, Zhong, Guo, Tu, Nei”. The origin is mostly connected with the orientation, reflecting the self-esteem of the Chinese people with “China in the center”.