释《论语》“当仁,不让于师”

Interpretation of“当仁,不让于师”(‘Benevolence’, Not Surrendering to ‘Army’)in The Analects of Confucius

"当仁不让于师"句过去解释为:"面对仁义,不谦让老师",语义牵强。正确注释经典的依据应该是文字本义、古代习惯用法、先贤思想体系,而不能靠猜测。根据《左传》《礼记》中的语料和先秦的语言习惯,对其中的"当""让""师"等字的本义进行分析,从而得出,"当仁"指坚决信奉"仁",而不指"面对仁"或者"应当仁"。"不让于师"指不因大军而退让,而不是"不谦让老师"。

This paper puts forward that the basis for correctly annotating the classics should be the original meaning of the text, the ancient customary usage, and the sage ideology system rather than by guessing. By the analyzing of the original meaning of“当”“仁”“让”“师”, and the analyzing of writing custom in Zuo Zhuan, the right interpretation of“当仁,不让于师” can be obtained. That is, the benevolence is more powerful than army. At last, many existed misinterpretations about“当仁,不让于师” have be critized.