从语意联系的角度看语际的文化译性

A Research of Inter-lingual Cultural Translatability from the Perspective of Relation of Meanings

以巴别的诅咒解释可译性问题,是一种隐喻式注解,抑或是神智学的信仰认识。19世纪后,洪堡特等人运用语言学理论继续解释这种现象,得出结论——语际不可译。狭义地讲,翻译的主体是语言活动,因而语言活动规律决定翻译的存在。因此,洪堡特等人的语际不可译之论有其理性,然而其理性有所局限。因为,广义地讲,翻译又是一种文化现象,有其文化规律,即:原作具有某种本质特征,必然呼唤译者和译作。可译性是特定作品的本质特征,具体地体现为:原作和译作挣脱了一般语言规律的束缚,获得了文化的个体身份,它们发起了相对于彼此的运动,融进彼此生命并互补彼此语言意义的虚空,共同领悟语言的整体性意图,实现翻译的文化理想——还原纯粹语言。

The curse of Babel might be a metaphorical annotation or theosophical cognition attempted to approach communication or translation difficulty. Since the 19 th century, Humboldt et al. started applying linguistics to interpreting this difficulty and reasoned out untranslatability. Narrowly speaking, language activities are the main part of translating, so linguistic rules determine the being of translating. Therefore, untranslatability has its reasonability, but its reasonability is limited. The argument is that, broadly speaking, translating is also a cultural phenomenon that is accordingly governed by concerned cultural rules, namely, that an essential feature of certain works calls for translators among the totality of readers and inspires them to produce translations. Translatability is an essential feature of certain works, and has its concrete embodiment: both the works and their translations shake off the chains of general linguistic rules and take their cultural identities, moving towards each other, melting into each other’s life and complementing each other’s void in meaning, and jointly comprehending the totality of languages’ intentions, and finally try to realize the cultural ideal of translating-to restore the pure language.