池塘内循环流水养殖模式对黄颡鱼生长性能、形体指标、血清生化指标及肌肉营养成分的影响

Effects of Internal-Circulation Pond Aquaculture Model on Growth Performance,Morphological Indices,Serum Biochemical Indices and Muscle Nutritional Components of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

为了综合评价池塘内循环流水养殖(IPA)模式在黄颡鱼养殖中的应用效果,选取IPA模式、常规池塘养殖(UPA)模式和野生环境(WE)下的黄颡鱼各50尾为研究对象,在养殖322 d后对其生长性能、形体指标、血清生化指标及肌肉营养成分差异进行比较。结果显示:1) IPA组黄颡鱼的成活率显著高于UPA组(P<0.05),但增重率和特定生长率略低于UPA组(P>0.05)。2) IPA组和WE组黄颡鱼的肥满度、肝体指数和脏体指数显著低于UPA组(P <0.05); IPA组的肥满度显著高于WE组(P<0.05),而肝体指数和脏体指数2组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。3) IPA组和UPA组血清中总蛋白含量显著低于WE组(P<0.05); IPA组血清中总胆红素、碱性磷酸酶、总胆汁酸和总胆固醇含量显著低于UPA组(P<0.05); IPA组血清中γ-谷氨酰基转移酶和谷草转氨酶活性显著高于WE组(P<0.05); IPA组血清中肌酐、葡萄糖含量显著低于UPA组(P<0.05)。4) IPA组和WE组肌肉中粗脂肪含量显著低于UPA组(P<0.05),但粗蛋白质含量显著高于UPA组(P<0.05); IPA组肌肉中氨基酸总量显著高于UPA组(P<0.05),而显著低于WE组(P<0.05); IPA组必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸总量显著高于UPA组(P <0.05); 3组黄颡鱼肌肉中第一限制性氨基酸均为苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸,且IPA组和WE组的必需氨基酸指数显著高于UPA组(P<0.05); IPA组和WE组黄颡鱼肌肉中n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)和二十碳五烯酸(EPA)+二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量显著高于UPA组(P<0.05),且饱和脂肪酸总量显著低于UPA组(P<0.05)。由此得出,IPA组黄颡鱼具有较高的成活率,较好的体形,其肌肉营养品质优于UPA组黄颡鱼,且健康状况也优于UPA组黄颡鱼,但仍差于WE组黄颡鱼。因此,应进一步优化IPA的环境条件(如流速因子、养殖密度等)以及人工配合饲料配方以迎合消费者对于黄颡鱼营养和味道的需求。

In order to synthetically evaluate the application effect of internal-circulation pond aquaculture (IPA) model in Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ( P. fulvidraco ) culture,each of fifty P. fulvidraco cultured in IPA model,usual pond aquaculture (UPA) model and wild environment (WE) were selected as study objects,and the differences of growth performance,morphological indices,serum biochemical indices and muscle nutritional components of P. fulvidraco for IPA,UPA and WE were compared after 322-day culture. The results showed as follows: 1) the survival rate (SR) of IPA group was significantly higher than that of UPA group ( P <0.05),but the weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) were slightly lower than that of UPA group ( P >0.05). 2) The condition factor (CF),hepatosomatic index (HSI) and viscerosomatic index (VSI) of IPA group and WE group were significantly lower than those of UPA group ( P <0.05). The CF of IPA group was significantly higher than that of WE group ( P <0.05),and there was no significant difference in HSI and VSI between IPA group and WE group ( P >0.05). 3) The content of total protein (TP) in serum of IPA group and UPA group was significantly lower than that of WE group ( P <0.05). Meanwhile,the contents of total bilirubin (TBIL),alkaline phosphatase (ALP),total bile acid associates (TBA) and total cholesterol (TC) in serum of IPA group were significantly lower than those of UPA group ( P <0.05). The activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GGT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum of IPA group were significantly higher than those of WE group ( P <0.05). The contents of creatinine (CRE) and glucose (GLU) in serum of IPA group were significantly lower than those of UPA group ( P <0.05). 4) The crude fat content in muscle of IPA group and WE group was significantly lower than that of UPA group ( P <0.05),but the crude protein content was significantly higher than that of UPA group ( P <0.05). Total amino acids (TAA) content in muscle of IPA group was significantly higher than that of UPA group and significantly lower than that of WE group ( P <0.05). The essential amino acids (EAA) and total delicious amino acids (TDAA) contents in muscle of IPA group were significantly higher than those of UPA group ( P <0.05). The first limited amino acid in muscle of three groups was all phenylalanine+tyrosine and the essential amino acid index (EAAI) of IPA group and WE group was significantly higher than that of UPA group ( P <0.05). The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and C20 ∶ 5n-3 (EPA)+C22 ∶ 6n-3 (DHA) contents in muscle of IPA group and WE group were significantly higher than those of UPA group ( P <0.05),and the saturated fatty acid content were significantly lower than that of UPA group ( P <0.05). In summary,P. fulvidraco from IPA group have higher SR and better body shape,and the nutritive quality and health condition of them are better than those from UPA group. Nevertheless,they are still worse than those from WE group. Therefore,the environment conditions (such as flow rate factor,aquaculture density,etc.) of IPA and the formula of artificial feed should be further optimized in order to meet the needs of consumers for the nutrition and taste of P. fulvidraco.