贵州省西康玉兰资源现状及濒危原因分析

Ananysis of Current Situation and Endangered Reason of Magnoliawilsonii in Guizhou

对贵州已知的9个西康玉兰分布点的自然居群进行调查研究分析,结果表明:1)西康玉兰在贵州的盘州市、水城、纳雍、赫章4个县(市)有分布,共有9个分布居群,分布面积有20. 7hm^2,资源量共179株,资源分布呈倒金字塔形,大树较多,幼树、幼苗较少,种群处于衰退阶段; 2)种群规模小、资源分布较为分散、自身生物学特性限制、生境退化、直接采挖或砍伐以及野生动物食用等多种因素,导致该种无法正常萌发和自然更新,致使西康玉兰种群濒危; 3)开展种质资源收集和筛选优良植株,以就地+迁地保护为主,种苗扩繁+回归引种为辅的方式有机整合,是当前对其进行有效保护与科学管理的基本途径。

Based on the investigation and analysis of the natural populations of nine known distribution sites of Magnolia wilsonii in Guizhou , the results showed that: 1) Magnolia wilsonii was distributed in four counties (cities) of Panzhou, Shuicheng, Nayong and Hezhang in Guizhou. There were 9 populations with 20.7hectares distribution area and 179 plants in total. The distribution of resources was inverted pyramid, with the majority of big trees, fewer saplings and seedlings, and the population was in a declining stage. 2) Many factors, such as small population size, scattered distribution of resources, limitation of biological characteristics, habitat degradation, direct mining or felling and wild animals consumption, lead to the failure of normal germination and natural regeneration of this species, which endangered the population of Magnolia wilsonii .3) It was the basic way to effectively protect and scientifically manage germplasm resources by collecting and screening good plants, mainly by in-situ + ex-situ conservation, Organic integration of seedling expansion + regression introduction as a supplementary way.