贵州草海小龙虾型态差异与环境关系研究

Study on the RelationshipBetween Type Difference and Environment of Crayfish in Caohai,Guizhou Province

为了探清贵州草海不同生境条件下小龙虾身体型态间的差异与生境的关系,对贵州草海的8个样地生境进行监测调查,对286尾小龙虾外部结构进行测量,运用单因素方差分析法,通过计算小龙虾雌雄个体体重与身长的关系、肥满度,结合环境因素进行相关性分析。结果表明:4个样地小龙虾样本身体型态存在差异,喽啰山的体型最长,江家湾的体型最小;草海湖区小龙虾体重和身长的关系式为雌=0. 4529L^(0. 4271)(r^2=0. 9117 P<0. 05)、雄=0. 4955L^(0. 4063)(r^2=0. 9443 P <0. 05),雌虾生长速度大于雄虾;草海湖区小龙虾肥满度(K)平均为2. 92%、雌虾肥满度平均为2. 93%、雄虾肥满度平均为2. 91%,雌虾比雄虾肥满。4个样地水温和沉水植物覆盖度均与小龙虾数量呈极显著正相关,与身长呈显著负相关;水深与小龙虾数量呈低度负相关,与身长呈中低度正相关。说明水温和沉水植物覆盖度是对小龙虾身体型态产生差异的主要环境因素。

To explore the relationship between crayfish body types and habitats under different habitats in Caohai, Guizhou Province.Eight habitats of Caohai in Guizhou Province were monitored and investigated.The external structure of 286 crayfish was measured.The relationship between body weight and body length, fatness of male and female crayfish were calculated by single factor analysis of variance, and the correlation between body weight and body length was analyzed by combining environmental factors.The results showed that the body shape of crayfish samples in four plots was different.The body shape of Louluoshan was the longest and that of Jiangjiawan was the smallest.The relationship between body weight and body length of crayfish in Caohai Lake area was female = 0.4529L^0.4271 (r^2 = 0.9117 P < 0.05), male = 0.4955L^0.4063 (r^2 = 0.9443 P < 0.05), and the growth rate of female shrimp was faster than that of male shrimp.In Caohai Lake area, crayfish fatness (K) averaged 2.92%, female crayfish fatness averaged 2.93%, male shrimp fatness averaged 2.91%, female shrimp was fatter than male shrimp.The water temperature and submerged plant coverage were positively correlated with the number of crayfish, negatively correlated with body length, negatively correlated with water depth and the number of crayfish, and positively correlated with body length.Water temperature and submerged plant coverage were the main environmental factors that cause differences in body shape of crayfish.