“公司自治”与“司法强制”关系辨析

The Relationship Between “Corporate Autonomy” and “Judicial Enforcement”

"公司自治"与"司法强制"的关系问题位列公司法裁判疑难问题之首。从静态概念视角看,两者上位概念为法哲学领域"自由"与"强制",以及私法领域"意思自治"与"国家强制"这两对范畴,狭义"公司自治"包括股东自治、章程自治及内设机构决议自治。从动态政策视角看,"公司自治"与"国家管制"经历了漫长、反复的转变过程,其中不乏信义义务与经营判断等规则在公司治理领域的角力。从内部程序视角看,法院不得以争议系公司内部纠纷而拒绝裁判,公司应当参照"熟人社会"范畴,建构起"由内而外""穷尽内部救济手段"的纠纷解决机制。

The Relationship of “corporate autonomy” and “judicial enforcement” is regarded as the most difficult question of corporate law. Statically speaking,their superior concept are “freedom” and “enforcement” in legal philosophy,and “autonomy of will” and “national enforcement” in private law. In a narrow sense,“corporate autonomy” includes autonomy for shareholder, charter and internal department. Dynamically speaking,there is a long and iterative shift of the power of “corporate autonomy” and “national regulation”,where rules between fiduciary duties and business judgment compete with each other in the field of corporate governance. From the perspective of internal procedure,the court should not refuse the cases caused by the internal dissensions of the company,while the company should make reference to the principle of “acquaintance society” and construct a dispute-solving mechanism,which is “from the internal to the external” and with “every internal remedies available”.