基于GIS和历史地图的城市空间形态演变研究——以郑韩故城与新郑城市发展关系研究为例

A Study on Urban Spatial Form Evolution Based on GIS and Historical Map——Focus on the Relationship between the Ancient Capital of Zheng Han States and Xinzheng Urban Development

郑韩故城位于今河南省新郑市,双洎河与黄水河交汇处,新郑城市的发展变化一直与郑韩故城的保护息息相关。本文通过对新郑历史文献、古地图以及相关规划文件等资料的分析,运用GIS技术对相关图纸进行数字化处理,提取城市的建成区边界,建立空间数据库,研究并总结郑韩故城与新郑城市发展的关系以及新郑城市空间形态演变的影响因素。结果表明:1)改革开放以前,郑韩故城对城市的发展几乎没有影响;2)1979-2000年,新郑处于稳步发展阶段,郑韩故城对城市发展具有束缚作用;3)2001年至今,新郑城市经历了黄金发展阶段和快速发展阶段,郑韩故城对城市发展有促进作用;4)河流水系等自然因素对新郑的城市发展阻碍与促进并存;5)郑州及航空港的吸力对新郑的发展具有很强的拉动作用;6)城市交通的发展,也极大地促进了新郑城市空间形态的演变。

The ancient capital of Zheng and Han states is located in XinZheng City,Henan Province, where the Shuangji River and Huangshui River meet. The development of Xinzheng has always been closely related to the protection of the ancient capital of Zheng and Han states. Through the analysis of Xinzheng’s historical documents, ancient maps and related planning documents, this paper uses GIS technology to digitally process related drawings, extract the boundary of the built-up area of the city, establish a spatial database, and study the relationship between the ancient capital of Zheng and Han states and Xinzheng’s Urban Development. To summarize the influencing factors of the evolution of the spatial form of Xinzheng City. The results show: First, before the reform and opening up, the ancient capital of Zheng and Han states had little impact on the development of the city; Second, from 1979 to 2000, Xinzheng was in a steady development stage, and the ancient capital of Zheng and Han states had a restraining effect on urban development;Third, from 2001 to now, Xinzheng City has experienced a stage of golden development and a stage of rapid development. The ancient capital of Zheng and Han states has promoted urban development; Fourth, natural factors such as river systems coexist and hinder the development of Xinzheng’s urban development;Fifth, the suction of Zhengzhou and the airport has a strong pulling effect on the development of Xinzheng;Sixth, the development of urban transportation has also greatly promoted the evolution of the spatial form of Xinzheng City.