基于街道使用者视角下的街道设计

Street Design Based on the Perspective of Street Users

现代主义思想引导了以机动车为核心的道路模式主导城市建设,街道作为社会公共场所承担人们日常生活的作用被逐渐抛弃。从1960年代起,在城市设计领域掀起了回归街道理念的革命,要求重视街道的人性化、街道混合使用以及重塑街道活力等问题。随后伦敦、洛杉矶和上海等城市都颁布了指导和管理街道的设计导则,其出发点都是为推动以人为本的街道建设。本文将从街道使用者的角度,将使用者分为行人、自行车骑行者、公共交通使用者、机动车驾驶员、货运经营者和服务提供商、商贩6种人群,比较不同使用者出行工具所占面积和平均速度,鼓励步行、骑行和公共交通模式的发展。并根据街道使用者提出适合不同出行方式的街道空间分区及街道设计方针。

Modernism leads the road model with motor vehicles as the core to lead the city construction. The role of the street as a social public place to bear people’s daily life is gradually abandoned. Since the 1960 s, the revolution in the concept of returning to the street has been set in the field of urban design, and it is required to pay attention to the humanization of the streets, the mixed use of streets, and the revitalization of street vitality. Subsequently, cities such as London, Los Angeles and Shanghai have issued design guidelines for guiding and managing the streets, all starting from the promotion of people-oriented street construction. From the perspective of street users, this article divides users into pedestrians, cyclists, public transportation users, motor vehicle drivers, freight operators and service providers, and traders. Compare the area and average speed of different user travel tools encourage the development of walking, cycling and public transport modes. According to the street users, the street space division and street design policy suitable for different modes of travel are proposed.