中国川南中晚熟荔枝保鲜研究进展与展望

Research Progress and Prospect of Freshing Mid-late ripe Litchi in South Sichuan,China

中国是荔枝的原产地,有着两千多年的栽培历史。目前,中国的荔枝栽培面积及产量均居世界首位,占比达80%。四川省合江县荔枝已有1000多年的栽培历史,是全国荔枝中晚熟基地,因采摘期正值夏季,荔枝极易发生褐变而腐败,严重制约中国川南中晚熟荔枝产业的进一步发展。本文简要介绍中国川南中晚熟荔枝产业的发展现状,综述近年来关于荔枝霉变的原因、荔枝保鲜技术的应用现状和最新进展,并指出速冻保鲜是目前该领域较为可行的保鲜技术;最后,展望了速冻预处理等相关问题。

China is the origin of litchi,with more than 2000 years of cultivation history. At present,Chinese litchi cultivation area and yield are the first of the world,accounting for 80%. Litchi has been cultivated for more than 1000 years in Hejiang county, Sichuan province, and there is the base of mid-late ripe litchi nationwide in Hejiang country. The picking period is in summer,so litchi is prone to browning and corruption,which severely restricts the further development of mid-late ripe litchi industry in south Sichuan,China. This paper briefly introduces the development status of mid-late ripe litchi industry in south Sichuan, China,summarizes the reason of mildew of litchi in recent years, the application status and the latest progress of preservation technology, and points out that quick-freezing preservation technology is a feasible preservation technology in this field at present. At last, the pretreatment method and the development status of quick freezing preservation technology are prospected.