著作权的限制与反限制——以著作权法中的利益博弈为视角

Limitation and Counter-limitation of Copyright——From the Perspective of Interest Game in Copyright Law

围绕作品的产生、传播和使用而出现的创作者、传播者和使用者之间的利益冲突问题是著作权限制与反限制的根源所在,三方利益呈现出既冲突又依存的关系。针对这三方利益问题,著作权法上产生了诸如合理使用、法定许可、强制许可、权利穷竭以及补偿金制度等限制与反限制制度。随着社会科技的进步而引起的作品的传播、利用方式变化,著作权法中的限制与反限制制度也不断发生着变化。

The conflict of interest among authors, disseminators and users caused by the creation, dissemination and use of works is the root of limitation and counter-limitation of copyright. The interests of the three parties involve a relationship of both conflict and the dependence. In view of the three parties’ interests, there exist institutions of limitation and counter-limitation in copyright law, such as fair use, legal license, compulsory license, right exhaustion and compensation. With the development of social science and technology, the way of dissemination and utilization of works has changed, so have the institutions of limitation and counter-limitation in copyright law.