美国与沙特在石油解禁问题上的外交博弈(1973～1974)

The Diplomatic Game between the United States and Saudi Arabia on the Lifting of the Oil Embargo(1973 ～ 1974)

1973年中东战争爆发后,由沙特领头的阿拉伯石油生产国对以美国为代表的亲近、偏袒以色列的西方工业石油消费国实施石油禁运。为尽快解除禁运,尼克松政府针对沙特进行重点渗透和突破,采取以"威胁施压+引诱吹捧"为鲜明特色的能源外交政策,最终基本依照美国提出的核心条件,禁运得以解除。这有助于深刻洞悉尼克松政府看待和处理事关美国安全和海外信誉的能源保障问题,尤其是重点针对沙特推出石油政策的动机目的、方式手段以及后果影响。

After the outbreak of the Middle East war in 1973,the Arabia oil producer,led by Saudi Arabia,imposed the oil embargo on the United States as the representative of the western industrial oil consumers who preferred and favored Israel. In order to break as quickly as possible the oil embargo organized by Arab oil producer countries,the Nixon Administration mainly focused on Saudi Arabia’s penetration and breakthrough,and adopted a energy diplomacy with the distinctive features of " threat and temptation". Finally,the oil embargo was lifted in accordance with the key requirements and conditions of the Nixon Administration. It would helped future generations to have a deeper insight of the Nixon Administration’s view and handling of energy security issue which’s concerning U. S. security and overseas prestige,especially to see clearly the motive and objective,method and means,consequence and effect of the oil policy that launched against Saudi Arabia.