孕期多种环境污染物暴露现状——基于山东莱州湾出生队列的生物监测数据

Exposure status of multiple environmental pollutants during pregnancy: based on biomonitoring data from Laizhou Wan Birth Cohort in Shandong

目的·阐明孕妇体内传统污染物(铅、汞、有机磷农药)和新型污染物(全氟化合物和三氯生)的暴露水平并分析各污染物间的相关性。方法·于2010年9月至2013年12月间在山东莱州湾地区建立出生队列,收集孕妇的生物样本进行污染物检测。将149例同时完成问卷调查及以下指标检测的孕妇纳入研究:血铅、血汞、尿有机磷农药代谢产物[包括磷酸二甲酯(dimethylphosphate,DMP)、二甲基硫代磷酸酯(dimethylthiophosphate,DMTP)、磷酸二乙酯(diethylphosphate,DEP)、二乙基硫代磷酸酯(diethylthiophosphate,DETP)等]、血清全氟化合物[全氟辛酸(perfluorooctanoic acid,PFOA)和全氟辛烷磺酸(perfluorooctane sulfonate,PFOS)]、尿三氯生。描述各污染物的暴露水平,采用Spearman相关分析及余弦聚类分析研究污染物之间的相关性。结果·铅、DMP、PFOA和PFOS的检出率均为100.0%;汞、DMTP、DEP、DETP和三氯生的检出率分别为89.3%、81.2%、97.3%、96.6%、59.1%。铅、汞、PFOA、PFOS、三氯生的浓度中位数(范围)分别为28.40(11.30～65.70)μg/L、0.85(<LOD～10.98)μg/L、39.54(1.16～273.68)μg/L、4.56(0.55～15.38)μg/L、0.58(<LOD～58.01)μg/g。DMP、DMTP、DEP、DETP的浓度中位数(范围)分别为36.33(0.55～1 331.04)μg/g、2.65(<LOD～128.84)μg/g、14.70(<LOD～585.05)μg/g、1.84(<LOD～86.21)μg/g。DMP和DEP的暴露水平总体高于发达国家;PFOA的水平高于国外其他研究数据,而PFOS和三氯生的水平低于国外其他研究数据。对各污染物进行相关性分析并结合余弦聚类分析后发现,汞与PFOA(r=0.36,P=0.000)和PFOS(r=0.42,P=0.000)呈正相关。结论·孕妇体内各污染物暴露普遍,汞与全氟化合物之间可能存在一定相关性。在关注传统污染物的同时,也应对全氟化合物和三氯生等新型污染物多加重视。

Objective · To evaluate the levels of environmental pollutants including lead, mercury, organophosphorus pesticides (OPs), perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and triclosan (TCS) and further analyze the correlation between these pollutants in pregnant women. Methods · Pregnant women were recruited from the Laizhou Wan Birth Cohort (LWBC) in Shandong from September 2010 to December 2013. A total of 149 pregnant women were finally enrolled who completed questionnaires and provided sufficient biological samples for pollutants measurement including blood lead, blood mercury, urinary metabolites of OPs[dimethylphosphate (DMP), dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP), diethylphosphate (DEP), diethylthiophosphate (DETP), etc.], serum perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), as well as urinary TCS. Spearman correlation analysis and cosine cluster analysis were used to explore the correlation between pollutants. Results · The detection rates of lead, DMP, PFOA and PFOS were all 100.0%. And the detection rates of mercury, DMTP, DEP, DETP and TCS were 89.3%, 81.2%, 97.3%, 96.6% and 59.1%, respectively. The median and range of concentrations for lead, mercury, PFOA, PFOS and TCS were 28.40 (11.30-65.70)μg/L, 0.85 (<LOD-10.98)μg/L, 39.54 (1.16-273.68)μg/L, 4.56 (0.55-15.38)μg/L, 0.58 (<LOD-58.01)μg/g, respectively. The median and range of concentrations for DMP, DMTP, DEP and DETP were 36.33 (0.55-1 331.04)μg/g, 2.65 (<LOD-128.84)μg/g, 14.70 (<LOD-585.05)μg/g, 1.84 (<LOD-86.21)μg/g, respectively. The concentrations of DMP and DEP were generally higher than those in developed countries. The concentration of PFOA was much higher than those in foreign studies, while the concentrations of PFOS and TCS were relatively lower. Correlation analysis and cosine cluster analysis revealed that mercury was positively correlated with PFOA (r=0.36, P=0.000) and PFOS (r=0.42, P=0.000). Conclusion · The population in LWBC is widely exposed to multiple pollutants and there are certain correlations between mercury and PFASs, suggesting that attention should be paid to emerging pollutants besides traditional ones.