负重跑训练对免疫指标的即刻影响

Immediate effects of loaded running exercise on immune parameters

目的探讨负重跑训练对机体免疫指标的即刻影响。方法 7名女大学生在负重条件下(自身体质量负重和附加受试者体质量5%负重)进行跑步训练。跑步方案:热身跑速度为3.0 km/h,1%坡度,热身跑3 min后开始正式实验,跑步起始速度为4.0 km/h,1%坡度,跑步速度每3 min增加1 km/h直至受试者力竭为止。分别采集受试者训练前、训练后即刻静脉血4 m L,3 mL用于血常规检验分析,1 mL用于血乳酸检验分析。结果 2组受试者训练后白细胞总数均高于训练前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);白细胞分类计数,除了自身体质量负重组训练后受试者的淋巴细胞计数、嗜酸性粒细胞计数与训练前比较,差异无统计学意义外(P>0.05),不论何种负重跑训练,受试者训练后的其他分类指标均高于训练前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);此外,自身体质量负重组训练后受试者的淋巴细胞计数高于正常值,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),同时附加负重组训练后受试者的淋巴细胞计数低于自身体质量负重组训练后,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组受试者训练后中性粒细胞百分比低于训练前、淋巴细胞百分比高于训练前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);附加负重组受试者训练后中性粒细胞百分比高于自身体质量负重组训练后,淋巴细胞百分比低于自身体质量负重组训练后,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组受试者训练后的呼吸商与淋巴细胞计数,最大心率与白细胞总数,中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞计数,血乳酸与白细胞总数,中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞计数均存在正相关关系(P<0.05); 2组受试者训练后呼吸商与中性粒细胞百分比存在负相关关系(P<0.05),此外,自身体质量负重组受试者的呼吸商与淋巴细胞百分比存在正相关关系(P<0.05)。结论负重训练对人体免疫功能有一定影响,可使外周血白细胞增多,主要以淋巴细胞为主;运动强度对免疫功能的影响主要以淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞变化为主。

Objective To assess the immediate effects of loaded running exercise on immune parameters. Methods Seven female university students were asked to do running exercise under different loaded conditions (with or without an additional load of 5% of their body mass weight). The running protocol was: warm-up running speed 3.0 km/h, gradient 1%;after 3 min of warm-up running, the formal experiment began, initial running speed 4.0 km/h, gradient 1%, with an increment of 1 km/h every 3 min until the subject became exhausted. About 4 mL of venous blood was collected before running and immediately after running, 3 mL of which was used for blood routine test and 1 mL was used to determine the blood lactate level. Results In both groups, the post-running total count of white blood cells (WBCs) was significantly higher than those before running ( P <0.05);the WBC differential counts were also significantly higher than their pre-running values in both groups ( P < 0.05), except that the lymphocyte and eosinophil counts remained unchanged in the non-loaded group ( P >0.05). Besides, the post-running lymphocyte count in the non-loaded group was significantly higher than the standard value ( P < 0.05), and meanwhile the post-running lymphocyte count in the additional loaded group was significantly lower than that in the non-loaded group ( P <0.05). In both groups, the post-running neutrophil percentage was decreased while the lymphocyte percentage was increased as compared with their pre-running values ( P <0.05);the post-running neutrophil percentage in the additional loaded group was significantly higher while the lymphocyte percentage was significantly lower than those in the non-loaded group ( P <0.05). In the post-running setting, positive correlations were observed in both groups between respiratory quotient and lymphocyte count;maximal heart rate and WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and basophil counts;blood lactate level and WBC, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts ( P <0.05);a negative correlation was noted between respiratory quotient and neutrophil percentage in both groups ( P <0.05);a positive correlation was found between respiratory quotient and lymphocyte percentage in the non-loaded group ( P <0.05). Conclusion It seems that loaded running exercise has an impact on human immune function, manifested as an increase in peripheral WBC count, mainly lymphocytes;and exercise intensity mainly affects lymphocytes and neutrophils.