浅论多元文化背景下的德国移民教育

A Discussion of German Immigrant Education under the Multicultural Background

德国有1/5人口具有移民背景,移民教育对德国的政治、经济、文化有极其重要的作用。本文通过梳理德国移民教育在顶层设计上的努力与创新发现,在文化多元的教育背景下,德国移民教育的顶层设计保障了移民教育的均衡发展,促进了移民的融合。德国移民教育顶层设计的突出特点是联邦、州和地方政府形成三级责任体系,并在总体规划下按需设定各自目标;各学段在制订教育政策和方针时,把移民学生需要纳入其中;把语言教育放在突出位置,强调其知识与价值观双重作用;引入社会支持系统,鼓励父母参与移民融合教育,设立家长培育课程,使家长自身得到提升并更好支持子女的学业。德国在移民教育上的顶层设计使德国移民教育取得了很好的进展,为我国的多元文化教育、民族教育提供了启示。

As one-fifth of German population has an immigrant background,immigrant education plays an extremely important role in German politics, economy and culture.By analyzing the efforts and innovations in the top-level design of German immigrant education,this paper finds that under the background of multicultural education,the top-level design of German immigrant education ensures the balanced development of immigrant education and promotes the integration of immigrants.The top-level design of German immigrant education has the following prominent features: the federal,state and local government form a three-level responsibility system and set their own goals as required under the overall plan;immigrant students’ need to be included in the development of educational policies and guidelines by the academic sections;language education is put in the prominent position,emphasizing its knowledge,value dual function;introduce social support system,encouraging parents to participate in immigrant integration education and setting up parent training courses so that they can improve themselves and better support their children’s studies.The top-level design of German immigration education makes good progress in German immigration education,and provides enlightenment for China’s multicultural education and national education.