田野调查法在民族学研究中的作用

The Role of Field Investigation in the Study of Ethnology

我国早期的民族学研究方法大多来自西方,本土化水平并不高,但随着国内民族学学科发展,研究方法也愈渐成熟,作为民族学学科的主要研究方法,田野调查法也日益展现出其重要作用。但对于年轻的研究者来说,如何去运用这个方法却面临着种种问题,如书面知识与实际操作化的差异,参与观察中价值中立的原则性难题,学科道德规范与世俗伦理的碰撞,何为真实性的原则问题等。即使在田野调查法如此成熟的今天,研究者进行实际操作时仍然面临不少问题,而这些问题对民族学学科发展提出了新的挑战。同时也是对研究者的挑战,对研究者提出更高的要求:要拥有创新意识,拓宽思维模式,为民族学开创新的道路。

Most of the early research methods of ethnology in China came from the west,and the level of localization was not high,but with the development of ethnology in China,the research methods have been becoming more and more mature.As the main research method of ethnology,the field investigation method has gradually shown its important function.However,as how to use this method,young researchers face various problems of the difference between written knowledge and practical operation,principle of value neutrality in participant observation,collision of disciplinary ethics and secular ethics,the principle of authenticity,and so on.Even the field survey method is so mature today,researchers still face many problems in practice,posing new challenges to the development of ethnology.The development of the discipline is inseparable from bringing forth the new through the old,and researchers should have a sense of innovation,broaden their thinking mode and open up a new road for ethnology.