教师减负的路径探索——日本中小学教师减负述评

Exploring the Path of Teachers’ Burden Reduction——A Review of the Reform of Japanese Primary and Secondary School Teachers’ Burden Reduction

随着社会环境的日益复杂化,学校面临许多新的变化和挑战,教师减负便是其中之一。中小学教师超时工作已成为日本一个不容忽视的严峻问题,为此,日本文部科学省积极提供政策指导,大力敦促各都道府县和政令指定都市的教育委员会制定相关行动方针,围绕清晰界定教师工作范围、有效管控教师工作时间、改善学校组织架构等内容,对学校工作方式进行改革。此项改革呈现出“多手段结合、多主体参与、多举措保障”等特点,为我国中小学教师减负提供了如下启示:减少教师非教学性工作占比、优化学校人员配置、注重学校与家庭和社区的协作。

With the increasing complexity and diversity of social environment, schools are facing many new challenges and changes. The overwork of Japanese teachers has been a serious problem that cannot be ignored. Therefore, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology(MEXT)of Japan hasactively urged all education committees and schools to formulate relevant action policies, such as clarifying the scope of teachers' work, strengthening the control of teachers' working hours, improving school organizationand so on. It shows the characteristics of multi-means combination, multi-subject participation and multi-channel guarantee. This reform in Japan also provides some enlightenments for the reduction of teachers' burden in primary and secondary schools in China, such as reducing the proportion of teachers' non-teaching work, optimizing school personnel allocation, and paying attention to the cooperation with parents and regions.