英国乡村分类研究及对我国的启示

RURAL CLASSIFICATION IN THE UK AND ITS ENLIGHTENMENT TO CHINA

我国乡村面域广阔、人口分散、发展历程迥异。在城镇化和工业化的影响下,乡村地区日益分化,乡村分类工作急需开展。目前国内地理学界对乡村分类进行了一些初步探索,但在涉及城乡动态演变和解决实际问题上仍存在不足。学习英国乡村分类的理论与方法有助于构建我国的乡村分类体系。本文从统计学和类型学两种分类视角,选取英国有代表性的四种分类方法进行比较研究和实施效果评述。包括:保罗·克洛克提出的"乡村性"程度分类,由政府部门提出的英国城乡分类体系(RUC2011),特里·马斯顿提出的"后生产"时代乡村模式,以及基思·哈法克雷提出的乡村空间情景模式。最后结合我国实际情况,对城镇化和全球化背景下的我国乡村地域类型识别和城乡空间系统的优化在理论指导和技术支撑方面提出重要启示。

China's rural areas are characterized by vast area, dispersed population, and varied develop history. In the context of urbanization and industrialization, rural areas tend to be increasingly differentiated and the research on rural classification is urgently needed. At present, although domestic scholars have carried out some explorations, those on urban-rural dynamic evolution and practical issues are far from enough. Learning the rural classification theory and methods from the UK may be useful for China to build a rural classification system. This paper conducts a comparative study on four typical rural classification methods and implementation effects, including the index of “Rurality" by Paul Cloke, Rural-Urban Classification of England and Wales (RUC2011) by several government departments, the four ideal types of lTost-productivisf, countryside by Terry Marsdon, and the four spatial scenarios by Keith Halfacree.According to China's actual situation, it puts forward suggestions for China's rural classification in the background of urbanization and globalization.