低收入住区居民通勤行为特征及影响因素——昆明市案例分析

ANALYSIS ON COMMUTING CHARACTERISTICS OF RESIDENTS IN LOW-INCOME NEIGHBOURHOOD AND THE INFLUENCING FACTORS: KUNMING AS A CASE

针对城市低收入人群这一弱势群体,基于城市地理学和城市社会学相结合的视角,以低收入住区居民作为低收入人群的代表,揭示城市社会空间分异和空间结构重组背景下的低收入群体通勤行为特征、内部差异及其影响因素。以昆明市为样本城市,采用调查问卷的方法,对城中村、保障性住区(包含廉租、公租、经适住区)和衰败工厂家属区三类低收入住区居民的通勤行为进行定量分析。研究发现,不仅不同类型住区、不同就业岗位低收入人群的通勤行为存在明显差异,其通勤行为的影响因素也与一般市民不同。研究结果可为进一步探索城市弱势群体的就业障碍和居住空间隔离等问题提供基础。

This paper focuses on the disadvantaged group of low-income group, and based on a perspective combining urban geography with urban sociology and using residents in lowincome neighborhood as representatives of low-income group, it analyzes the commuting activity characteristics, internal variations, and influencing factors of low-income group under the background of urban social space differentiation and urban structure restructuring. The paper takes Kunming as the sample city, and uses the method of questionnaire survey to conduct a quantitative analysis on commuting activities of residents in three types of low-income neighborhood, which are urban village, indemnificatory housing (including low-rent, public rent, and economically affordable housing), and residential area of declined factories. The study shows that not only apparent variations on commuting activities exist among low-income group in different types of neighborhood and with different jobs, but also the influencing factors are different from regular citizens. The study provides a foundation for further exploration on issues like employment barrier for disadvantaged group and separation of their residential space.