夫妻债务制度的立法原则与体系构建

Legislative Principle and System Construction of Couple Debt

构建夫妻共同债务规则的现有观点具有违背婚姻本质之缺陷。建立科学完备的夫妻债务制度,除秉承符合婚姻本质原则、交易安全与婚姻安全衡平保护原则、方便适用原则、重点突出和科学合理原则外,内容设计上应形成"四横三纵两类一轴"的制度体系,即统摄夫妻财产制、家事代理权、夫妻合意、债权人善意四大横向要素与夫妻共同债务的认定标准、夫妻债务的举证责任、夫妻债务的清偿原则三大纵向要素,兼顾合同之债与侵权之债,突出区分共同债务与个人债务界限。在夫妻共同债务立法模式上,既不宜采取列举模式和例示模式,亦不能完全照搬概括模式,以采用"修正型概括模式"为宜。夫妻债务法条内容设计应当简明扼要、通俗易懂、语义明确、避免歧义。

The existing views of construction of couple common debt rules have flaws against the nature of marriage. A scientific and complete couple debt system guided by four principles of corresponding with marriage nature,equity protection of trade security and marriage security, easy application, highlight and scientific reasonableness,should be constituted by four lateral elements including the matrimonial regime, the family affair agency, the couple agreement and the creditor’s goodwill, three vertical elements including standards of couple common debt, evidential burden and settlement principles of the couple debt, two types of the contractual obligation and the tort obligation, one principal line to distinguish the common debt and the individual debt. The legislative mode of couple common debt should adopt the "Modified Generalization Model" instead of the enumeration mode, the instantiate mode or the generalization mode, and legal provisions of couple debt should be brief, popular and clear to avoid ambiguity.