2Bransford, J. D., Brown, A.C. & Cocking, R.R. Howpeople learn. Brain, minds, experience, andschool[M]. Washington, D. C.: National Academy Press,2000.
3Bransford, J.D. & Schwartz, D.L. Rethinking transfer: A simple proposal with interesting implications[J]//A. Iran-Nejad & P.D. Pearson. Review of Research in Education, 1999(24) : 61-100.
4Hong Kong Examinations Authority (1992) Annual Report. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Examinations Authority.
5Hong Kong Examinations Authority (1995) Annual Report. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Examinations Authority.
6Marton, F. & Pang, M.F. On Some Necessary Conditions of Learning[J]. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2006 (15) :193-220.
7Marton, F. & Pang, M.F. The Idea of Phenomenography and the Pedagogy of Conceptual Change[M]// S. Vosniadou. International Handbook of Research on Conceptual Change, New York: Routledge, 2008:533-559.
8Marton, F. , Tsui, A. B. M. with Chik, P. P. M. , Ko, P. Y. , Lo, M. L. , Mok, I. A. C. , Ng, F.P. , Pang, M. F. , Pong, W. Y. , Runesson, U. Classroom discourse and the space of learning[M]. Mahwah, N.J. : Lawrence Erlbaum,2004.
9National Research Council Science to School: Learning Science in Grades K-8 [M], National Academies Press, 2007: (NRC). Taking and Teaching Washington: 113.
10Salinas I. Learning Progressions in Science Education: Two Approaches for Development[C]. The Learning Progressions in Science (LPS) Conference. Iowa City, IA. 2009 6.
