知识观念转变下盖梯尔问题的消解

The Dissolution of the Gettier Problem under the Change of Knowledge Concept

解决盖梯尔问题的尝试普遍存在难以克服的困难与争论,与此同时,出现了一些消解盖梯尔问题的方案。作为一种新颖的、当代哲学实践转向后的知识观念,"地方性知识"有丰富的意涵,为我们提供了一种审度知识的视野与一条消解盖梯尔问题的途径。具体而言,通过论述"地方性知识"观念的基本主张及与之密切相关的杜威知行学说、后期维特根斯坦哲学、科学实践哲学及默会认识论的重要洞见,来解释为何知识的完美典范并不存在及为何知识的完备定义并不可能,进而阐明盖梯尔问题对传统知识定义的诘难本质上是在"无的放矢",理解知识的最佳策略应是转向具体的实践。

Attempts to solve the Gettier Problem have always suffered from insurmountable difficulties and disputes. At the same time, there exist some programs to eliminate the Gettier Problem. As a new concept of knowledge after the turn of contemporary philosophy, "local knowledge" with rich implications offers a perspective to examine knowledge and a way to dissolve the Gettier Problem. Specifically, by discussing the basic ideas of "local knowledge" and those closely related theories, such as Dewey’s theory of knowing and doing, later Wittgenstein’s philosophy, philosophy of scientific practice, and tacit epistemology, this paper explains why the perfect model of knowledge does not exist and why the exact definition of knowledge is not possible, and further clarifies that the Gettier Problem’s criticism of the definition of traditional knowledge is essentially "pointless" and that the best way of understanding knowledge is practice.