从承接者角度浅析英国公共图书馆社会化管理运营实践

Analysis on the Socialization Management and Operation Practice of British Public Libraries from the Perspective of the Undertakers

英国政府在经济危机的压力下,一方面削减公共事业投入,一方面推行"民间主动融资"政策,积极借助社会力量,将公共图书馆管理运营服务工作外包,从而降低运营成本、提高运营效率。目前,英国公共图书馆社会化管理运营的承接者类型主要有:私营公司、社会组织以及志愿者。三种承接者在实践中从政策导向、运营能力和专业人员等方面产生了许多共性和个性问题。这些实践经验给我国带来的启示是:努力形成政府宏观指导下各类非政府组织与基层公共文化机构运营"共治"的治理理念,合理选择公共文化机构社会化管理运营的承接者,不断促进外包操作程序的规范化。

Under the pressure of the economic crisis,the British government on the one hand reduces the investment in public utilities,on the other hand implements the "Private Finance Initiative" policy,and actively uses social forces to outsource the management and operation of public libraries,thereby reducing operating costs and improving operational efficiency. At present,the main types of undertakers for the socialized management and operation of British public libraries are private companies,social organizations and volunteers. In practice,the three kinds of undertakers have produced many common and individual problems in terms of policy orientation,operational ability and professionals. The enlightenment brought by these practical experiences to our country is to strive to form the governance concept of "co-governance" between various non-governmental organizations and grass-roots public cultural institutions under the macro-guidance of the government,to rationally select the undertakers of the socialized management and operation of public cultural institutions,and to constantly promote the standardization of outsourcing operation procedures.