19世纪英国古典大学自由教育传统的坚守与变革

Persistence and Change: The Tradition of Liberal Education in British Classical Universities in the 19th Century

英国具有深厚的自由教育传统,“牛桥”作为英国最古老的两所大学,一直是自由教育传统的传承者和实践者。英国古典大学自由教育传统具有浓厚的精英主义色彩,它以古典人文主义教育为核心,旨在培养有教养的绅士,这种自由教育的理念始终在“牛桥”占据主导地位。直到19世纪中后期,在内外压力的推动下,以皇家调查委员会的成立为开端,“牛桥”开始进行大刀阔斧的改革。最终古典大学的自由教育传统被打破,科技教育登堂入室,科学研究逐渐成为古典大学的重要职能,古典大学的人才培养目标也趋于多元化。

With profound liberal education tradition in Britain,Oxbridge have always been the inheritor and practitioner as the oldest two universities in Britain.The liberal education tradition in British colored classical universities strongly.It took the classical humanistic education as its core and aimed to cultivate educated gentlemen,dominating Oxbridge with the idea of liberal education.It was not until the middle and late 19th century that Oxbridge began to carry out drastic reforms,driven by internal and external pressures,with the establishment of the Royal Commission of Inquiry.Finally,the tradition of liberal education in classical universities was broken,and science and technology education was admitted.At the same time,scienufic research gradually became important function of classical universities,and the cultivation objectives of classical universities were diversified.