2002—2016年我国精神专科医院发展状况分析

The development of mental hospitals in China from 2002 to 2016

目的了解2002—2016年我国精神专科医院发展情况,为精神卫生政策制定和资源分配提供数据支持和理论依据。方法使用Excel和SPSS 20.0统计软件对2012—2016年《中国卫生统计年鉴》中精神专科医院的卫生资源和医疗服务状况的相关数据进行整理和分析。结果在卫生资源方面:(1)2002—2016年精神专科医院的财政补助收入始终占医疗卫生机构总财政补助收入的2%~3%;(2)精神专科医院的数量从2002年的583家增长至2016年的1 026家,民营医院的增长速度快于公立医院(χ2=191.107,P<0.01);(3)精神专科医院开放病床数从2002年的0.73张/万人增长至2016年的2.15张/万人;(4)精神专科医院执业(助理)医师和注册护士从2002年的1.27名/10万人和1.97名/10万人分别增长至2016年的2.15名/10万人和4.55名/10万人。在医疗服务方面:(1)精神专科医院的诊疗人次数和入院人数分别从2002年的1 034.01万人次和42.54万人增长至2016年的3 500.92万人次和175.12万人;(2)精神专科医院病床使用率从2002年的79.0%增长至2016年的95.5%;(3)精神专科医院医生日均负担诊疗次数从2002年的2.53次增长到2016年的4.70次,日均负担住院床数从2002年的4.58次增长到2016年的9.57次。结论 2002—2016年我国精神专科医院数量、床位数和医护人员数呈持续增长的趋势,大众对精神专科医院的医疗服务需求逐年增加,但仍面临政府财政投入低、诊疗负担重等问题。

Objective To overview the development of mental hospitals in China over the past 15 years and provide evidence for making policy decisions and allocating resources. Methods The data of health resources and medical service in mental hospitals were extracted from China Health Statistics Yearbook, and pooled and analyzed by excel and SPSS20.0. Results Medical resources:(1) From 2002 to 2016, the health budget allocated to mental hospitals remained stable in China, ranging from 2% to 3%.(2) The number of mental hospitals increased from 583 in 2002 to 1 026 in 2016. Compared to public hospitals, the number of private hospitals increased faster (χ2=191.107, P<0.01).(3) The median numbers of psychiatric beds in mental hospitals were 0.73 per 10 000 population in 2002 and 2.15 per 10 000 population in 2016.(4) The numbers of doctors and nurses in mental hospitals increased from 1.27 per 100 000 and 1.97 per 100 000 in 2002 to 2.15 per 100 000 and 4.55 per 100 000 in 2016 respectively. Medical service:(1) The numbers of visits and inpatients in mental hospitals increased from 10 340.1 thousand and 425.4 thousand in 2002 to 35 009.2 thousand and 1 751.2 thousand in 2016.(2) The beds utilization ratio increased to 95.5% in 2016 from 79.0% in 2002.(3) There were only 2.53 daily visits and 4.58 daily inpatients per doctor in 2002, which have risen to 4.70 and 9.57 in 2016 respectively. Conclusion The mental health hospitals, psychiatric beds and psychiatric staff in China have dramatically increased from 2002 to 2016, and more and more people were seeking psychiatric medical services by years. Whereas, there are still some problems that need to be solved such as still low financial input given the heavier medical burden.