非洲经济发展中的“资源诅咒论”及启示

“Resource Curse” in African Economic Development and Its Implication

非洲是物产丰富且历史悠久的大陆,然而,残酷的现实是,就非洲自身的发展而言,非洲各族人民的福祉没有与世界经济发展同步,其国内生产总值占全球的比重逐年下降。"资源诅咒理论"从经济传导机制和政治传导机制两方面可以解释非洲国家资源丰富却贫穷落后的根本原因,为进一步探索解决非洲发展缓慢、经济落后的方案提供了理论路径。从经济传导机制上看,丰富的资源容易助长"荷兰病"并导致经济结构单一挤出制造业,从而制约经济的长远发展;从政治传导机制上看,缺乏强大的、民主的政治领导力易滋生腐败和寻租行为并阻碍非洲人力资源的更新换代,导致非洲的现代化进程滞后。只有以资源面前人人平等为社会发展的准则,将国家资源视为全社会的公众资产,在国家的民主决策下加以支配和利用,非洲人民才能避免"资源诅咒"的结局而共享资源有效利用的成果。

Africa is a continent with rich products and long history. However,the reality is,the well-being of African people is not synchronized with the development of world economy. There were still few articles written about the cause of the backward situation in Africa from the perspective of economic theory. The " resources curse" theory can analyze the problems through two aspects:one is from the economic transmission mechanism and the other is from political one. Through the economic mechanism,rich resources are easy to cause the " Dutch disease" and lead to a single structure of economy thus an extrusion to manufacturing industry;through the political mechanism,the lack of strong and democratic political leadership may cause corruption and rent-seeking and hinder Africa of upgrading its human resources. All these have led to the lag of African economic development and modernization. Only by regarding the equality of all people in front of resource allocation as the norm of social development,and by regarding national resources as the public assets of the whole society and using them under the democratic decision-making process,can African people avoid the disadvantages of the " resource curse" and share the effective use of rich resources.