中药调节神经干细胞增殖分化的研究进展

Research Progress on Regulation of Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells by Traditional Chinese Medicine

神经干细胞(neural stem cells,NSCs)指能自我更新,并具有分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞潜能的细胞群。目前,神经再生和NSCs移植已成为治疗神经系统疾病的新策略,但NSCs移植仍存在存活率不高、定向分化困难、易成瘤和难以穿透疤痕组织等问题。如何通过调控内源性NSCs的增殖和定向分化是成体神经再生研究的新热点问题。药物诱导内源性NSCs增殖和定向分化的技术有望应用于再生医学,修复受损的神经,治疗中枢神经系统疾病。中药作为我国的传统医药,具有多靶点、多环节、多途径的治疗特点,在促进神经再生方面具有独特优势和广阔前景。近年来药理学研究表明中药可通过调控胞外信号通路[如Notch,Wnt/β-catenin,the Sonic Hedgehog(Shh)通路等],影响胞内转录因子以及改变神经发生微环境(如神经营养因子BNDF等)等多种途径间接或直接调控NSCs的增殖和分化。对近年来中药复方、中成药、单味中药及天然产物调节NSCs增殖分化的分子机制相关研究加以归纳总结,为中药防治中枢神经系统疾病提供新的思路。

Neural stem cells( NSCs) have the potential of self-renewing and differentiation into neurons,astrocyte,as well as oligodentrocyte. Nowadays,neurogenesis and NSCs transplantation have become new strategies for the treatment of nervous system diseases. However,the disadvantages of NSCs transplantation also limit their progress,including low survival rate,difficulty in differentiation,tumorigenesis and difficulty in penetrating scar tissues. It is a novel issue on how to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous NSCs in adult neurogenesis. Drug-induced endogenous NSCs proliferation and differentiation is the potential strategy for the regenerative medicine,repairing damaged nerves and treating central nervous system diseases. As a traditional medicine in China, Chinese medicine has the characteristics of multi-target, multi-link and multi-channel treatment,and has unique advantages and broad prospects in promoting nerve regeneration. More and more studies have shown that Chinese herbal medicine could indirectly or directly regulate the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs through extracellular signaling pathways( such as Notch,Wnt/β-catenin,the Sonic Hedgehog( Shh)pathway),intracellular transcription factors,together with changing the microenvironment( neurotrophic factor BNDF). In this review,we focus on the traditional Chinese medicine formulae,Chinese patent medicine,single medicine,as well as their monomers,which regulate the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs,so as to provide a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of central nervous system diseases by traditional Chinese medicine.