锂硫电池结构设计研究现状及展望

Current Status and Prospect of Battery Configuration in Li-S System

锂硫电池体系由于理论能量密度高和硫材料资源丰富,成为了极具发展潜力的二次电池之一.但由于放电过程中间产物多硫化物溶于有机电解液,产生穿梭效应,导致活性物质利用率低,造成电池容量损失和循环性能下降,而锂金属枝晶和界面问题同样限制了锂硫电池的进一步发展和利用.研究表明,电池结构设计和改造,如隔膜结构设计、正极夹层设计、正极载硫结构设计以及负极结构设计等方面,有效地缓解了上述问题.本文整理总结了近年来国内外在锂硫电池结构设计上研究思路和进展,并对今后的发展趋势做了进一步展望.

Commercial lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) are incapable of satisfying the increasing demand for emerging electronic devices due to their limited energy density. Among the next-generation batteries, lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries are becoming a promising energy-storage system due to their high theoretical energy density and natural abundance of sulfur. However, the shuttle of soluble polysulfide intermediates between two electrodes, as well as the problem on Li metal anode,lower the utilization of active material and lead to the loss of specific capacity and rapid capacity fading. All the above challenges limit the further application of Li-S batteries. Recently, various novel battery configurations have been reported in Li-S system, such as the construction design of multi-functional separator, cathode interlayer, brand sulfur hosts, as well as hybrid anode. The novel structure designs have been proved effective to relieve the intrinsic problems of Li-S batteries. Herein, we summarize the developments in separator modification and carbon-based interlayer in Li-S batteries. In the end, a perspective for future research direction of Li-S batteries is also presented.