系统基因组学在中药研究中的应用

Application of phylogenomics in Chinese medicine resources

我国是世界中药资源多样性最丰富的国家,也是中医药应用最为广泛和历史悠久的国家。长期以来,大量中药资源物种基因组遗传变异信息的缺乏导致了中药资源保护和开发利用的各种问题,制约了中药的现代化进程。分子系统学是理解地球生物多样性形成与演化规律,促进资源多样性保护和利用的重要工具。随着测序技术的发展,基因组大数据的使用将传统的分子系统学拓展到系统基因组学研究的水平,使其更加广泛的应用到生物学研究的各个方面。对于中药资源物种开展系统基因组学研究,将会极大的促进中药资源的保护、分子鉴定评价和天然药效成分的挖掘利用,推动中药现代化进程。该文以此为出发点,首先简述系统基因组学的发展历程和基本研究方法,在此基础上综述目前相关于中药资源物种的系统基因组学研究进展,最后讨论目前研究和应用中存在的问题以及进一步的发展方向,以期为相关研究提供参考。

China is rich in the diversified Chinese medicine resources and is notable for the wide and long-term applications of Chinese medicine. However,the lack of genomic information on medicinal taxa leads to problems in relation to resource conservation and the downstream application of traditional Chinese medicine resources,which restricts the modernization process of traditional Chinese medicine. Molecular phylogenetics is an important tool to understand the origin and evolution of the earth’s biodiversity and promote the conservation and use of medicinal taxa. With the development of sequencing technology,the combination of genomic data extends the traditional molecular phylogenetics to the research level of phylogenomics,making it more powerfully applied to all aspects of biological research. Undoubtedly,carrying out phylogenomic research on Chinese medicine species will greatly promote their resources conservation,molecular evaluation and identification,and the exploration and utilization of natural pharmacodynamic components,promoting the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. This article starts with a brief introduction of the developing history and basic research methods of phylogenomics,and then reviews the current research progress in phylogenomics related to traditional Chinese medicine resources. Finally,it discusses the problems existing in the current research and the next direction of phylogenomics research in medicinal taxa. The article will hopefully provide a reference for relevant researches in future.