临床及影像学锥形束CT检测生物学宽度一致性的对比分析

A pilot study on the consistency of biological widths measured by periodontal probe and cone-beam CT

目的比较使用锥形束CT和牙周探针测量生物学宽度的一致性,同时比较不同牙龈生物型的生物学宽度是否相同,为临床提供参考。方法经过纳入与排除标准筛选后,选取2017年11月至2018年6月在第四军医大学口腔医学院牙周病科拟行牙冠延长术的27例患者[13例男性,14例女性,年龄(37.6±13.7)岁]共40颗患牙(前牙14颗,后牙26颗),按通用标准分为薄龈生物型[5例男性,8例女性,年龄(40.2±15.0)岁,21颗患牙]和厚龈生物型[8例男性,6例女性,年龄(35.1±11.9)岁,19颗患牙]两组,40颗患牙术前均行锥形束CT检查,术中使用牙周探针测量所有受试牙的生物学宽度以及龈沟深度,对获得的数据进行统计学分析。结果两种方法测量40颗患牙的生物学宽度[牙周探针:(1.64±0.26)mm;锥形束CT:(1.69±0.20)mm]、21颗薄龈生物型患牙的生物学宽度[牙周探针:(1.49±0.19)mm;锥形束CT:(1.57±0.12)mm]及19颗厚龈生物型患牙的生物学宽度[牙周探针:(1.80±0.21)mm,锥形束CT:(1.87±0.18)mm]差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);前牙与后牙的生物学宽度[前牙:(1.59±0.15)mm,后牙:(1.67±0.29)mm,P=0.42]以及龈沟深度[前牙:(2.00±0.28)mm,后牙:(2.11±0.43)mm,P=0.44]差异亦均无统计学意义。使用两种方法分别测量薄龈生物型与厚龈生物型组的生物学宽度,两组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。使用牙周探针测量薄龈生物型组[(1.93±0.28)mm]与厚龈生物型组龈沟深度[(2.24±0.41)mm]差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论使用锥形束CT测量的生物学宽度与使用牙周探针测得的数据一致;薄龈生物型与厚龈生物型的生物学宽度以及龈沟深度差异有统计学意义。

Objective To compare the consistency of the biological widths measured by using cone-beam CT (CBCT) and periodontal probe in patients with two different gingival biotypes. Methods Totally 27 patients [13 males, 14 females,(37.6±13.7) years old], who planned to receive the crown lengthening surgery, were recruited under the inclusion and exclusion criteria in Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University during November 2017 to June 2018. A total of 40 teeth (14 front teeth, 26 posterior teeth) were involved in this study. The patients were divided into two groups according to their gingival biotypes: thin gingival biotype [5 males, 8 females,(40.2±15.0) years old, 21 teeth] and thick gingival biotype [8 males, 6 females,(35.1±11.9) years old, 19 teeth]. All the teeth were checked before crown lengthening procedures by using CBCT, and the biological widths and sulcus depths were measured during the surgery by using periodontal probes (Hu-Friedy, U S A). The data were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results There were no significant differences of the biological widths between the two measuring methods amongst all of the 40 teeth [periodonial probe:(1.64±0.26) mm;CBCT:(1.69±0.20) mm], amongst 21 thin gingival biotype teeth [periodontal probe:(1.49±0.19) mm;CBCT:(1.57±0.12) mm] and amongst 19 thick gingival biotype teeth [periodontal probe:(1.80±0.21) mm;CBCT:(1.87±0.18) mm](P>0.05). There were no significant differences of the biological widths [anterior teeth:(1.59±0.15) mm, posterior teeth:(1.67±0.29) mm, P=0.42] and of the sulcus depths [anterior teeth:(2.00±0.28) mm, posterior teeth:(2.11±0.43) mm, P=0.44] between anterior teeth and posterior teeth. The difference of biological widths, measured by two methods respectively, between thin and thick gingival biotype groups was statistically significant (P<0.01). There were significant differences of the sulcus depths, measured by the periodontal probes, between the thin [(1.93±0.28) mm] and thick [(2.24±0.41) mm] gingival biotype groups (P<0.01). Conclusions The biological widths measured by CBCT is consistent with those measured by using periodontal probes. The biological widths and the depths of the sulcus of thin and thick gingival biotypes are different.