口腔治疗中笑气应用的医源性污染危害与防控

Detection and prevention of nitrous oxide iatrogenic pollution in dental treatments

氧化亚氮(nitrous oxide,N2O)又称笑气,作为常见吸入镇静镇痛气体在口腔诊室被广泛使用,以减少治疗过程中的焦虑和疼痛。研究表明长期暴露在较高浓度的笑气环境中可能对医务人员的健康造成一定影响,但目前有关口腔治疗中笑气应用的医源性污染研究并不充分。美国和欧洲国家对笑气的应用较成熟,制定了关于笑气医源性污染的相关规定和防控措施,但目前在这些国家笑气的临床使用仍存在医源性污染并缺乏统一的检测手段。国内关于笑气对医务人员的健康影响鲜有研究,对如何检测和防控笑气污染了解较少。现主要针对口腔诊室内笑气污染的危害、检测与防控进行综述。

Nitrous oxide (N2O), also known as laughing gas, is widely used in the dental offices as a common inhaled sedative analgesic gas to reduce anxiety and pain during treatment. Studies have shown that long-term exposure to higher concentrations of laughing gas may have a certain impact on the health of medical staff, while currently research on iatrogenic pollution in applications of laughing gas in oral therapy is not sufficient. In the United States and Europe, the condition of applications of laughing gas is relativrly mature, and there are related regulations and recommended measures to prevent and control iatrogenic pollution. However, studies in these countries still show that there is iatrogenic pollution in the clinical use of laughing gas and lack of uniform detection measures. While, in China, there is little research on the health effects of laughing gas on medical staff and on how to detect and control nitrous oxide pollution. This review is about the hazards, monitoring and control of clinical application of nitrous oxide.