用抗精神病药物治疗精神分裂症所致不良反应的分析

Analysis of antipsychotic drugs in the treatment of schizophrenia

目的 :分析用抗精神病药物治疗精神分裂症所致的不良反应。方法 :选择2015年1月1日至12月31日期间河南省精神病医院收治的3838例精神分裂症患者作为研究对象。为这3838例患者均使用抗精神病药物进行治疗。然后,观察其中不同性别的患者用药后不良反应的发生率、不同年龄段的患者用药后不良反应的发生率、采用不同用药方式进行治疗的患者用药后不良反应的发生率及其用药后发生不良反应的类型及占比。结果 :与男性患者相比,女性患者使用抗精神病药物后其不良反应的发生率更高(P <0.01)。与年龄段为15～29岁、30～44岁、45～59岁、≥60岁的患者相比,年龄段为0～14岁的患者使用抗精神病药物后其不良反应的发生率更高(P <0.05)。与单用一种抗精神病药物的患者相比,联用多种抗精神病药物进行治疗的患者其不良反应的发生率更高(P <0.01)。这3838例患者使用抗精神病药物后其发生的不良反应包括锥体外系反应、心功能损伤、肝功能异常、糖脂代谢异常及白细胞减少。与心功能损伤、肝功能异常、糖脂代谢异常及白细胞减少相比,这3838例患者使用抗精神病药物后其锥体外系反应的发生率更高(P <0.05)。结论:与单用一种抗精神病药物相比,为精神分裂症患者联用多种抗精神病药物进行治疗,可提高其不良反应的发生率,且其用药后锥体外系反应的发生率较高。

objective:to analyze the adverse reactions of antipsychotic drugs in the treatment of schizophrenia.Methods:a total of 3838 patients with schizophrenia admitted to henan psychiatric hospital on January 1,2015 and December 31,2015 were selected as subjects.All 3,838 patients were treated with antipsychotic drugs.Then,the incidence of adverse reactions in patients of different genders,in patients of different ages,in patients treated with different methods of medication,and the types and proportion of adverse reactions after medication were observed.Results:compared with male patients,female patients with antipsychotic drugs had a higher incidence of adverse reactions(P<0.01).Compared with patients aged 15~29,30~44,45~59 and 60 years,patients aged 0~14 years had a higher incidence of adverse reactions after using antipsychotic drugs(P<0.05).Patients treated with multiple antipsychotics had a higher incidence of adverse events(P<0.01)than patients treated with one antipsychotics alone.Adverse reactions of these 3,838 patients with antipsychotic drugs included extrapyramidal reactions,cardiac impairment,liver dysfunction,abnormal glycolipid metabolism,and leukopenia.Compared with cardiac function injury,liver function abnormality,abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism,and leukopenia,the incidence of extrapyramidal reactions in these 3,838 patients was higher after the use of antipsychotic drugs(P<0.05).Conclusion:compared with one antipsychotic drug alone,multiple antipsychotic drugs can increase the incidence of adverse reactions in patients with schizophrenia,and the incidence of extrapyramidal reactions is higher.