水稻钵苗拔取特性研究及试验

Study and Test on the Characteristics of Picking of Pot Rice Seedlings

目前,水稻钵育栽培技术快速发展,其关键在于取秧机构如何有效将秧苗从钵苗穴盘中拔出。为获取水稻钵苗取秧机构更佳取秧作业环境,及探索结构简单、高效、且移栽过程中对秧苗损伤小的取秧技术,通过钵苗拔取力测试试验台对钵盘秧苗进行拔取性能的试验及研究。选取钵苗品种、秧龄、取秧位置和取秧角度4个因素作为测试对象,研究其与拔取力之间的关系。试验表明:秧苗品种主要通过根系的发达程度和分布范围对秧苗拔取力产生影响,根系越发达,分布空间大,裸露越多,拔取力越大;秧龄对秧苗拔取力影响较小;秧苗拔取力随着取秧位置离钵体上表面的距离增大而增大;取秧角度为45°时秧苗拔取力较小;在取秧位置15 mm,取秧角度45°,秧龄19 d时,取秧效果较好;在整个取秧过程中,秧苗拔取力均未超过5 N,小于秧苗的抗拉断力值5.59 N。

At present,the key technology of the rapid development of rice pot cultivation technology is to remove the seedlings from the pot seedling hole.In order to obtain the better working environment for the rice seedling transplantation equipment for pot seedlings,and to explore the technology for rice seedling picking with simple structure,high efficiency and little damage to seedlings in the process of transplanting,the extraction characteristics of pot seedlings were tested and studied by using the test bench.Four factors were selected to study the relationships among pot seedling varieties,seedling ages,seedling picking location and seedling picking angle and extraction force.The test results showed:the seedlings affected the extraction force mainly by the density and distribution of the roots.In the case of well-developed roots,large distribution space and bare roots,the extraction force was greater.The seedling ages had little effect on the seedling extraction force.The extraction force increased with the distance between the top surface of the pot and seedling picking location.The extraction force of the seedlings was smaller when the picking angle of the seedlings was 45°.The effect of seedling picking was better when the seedling position was 15 mm,the angle was 45° and the seedlings age was 19 days.In the whole process of seedling picking,the extraction force of seedlings did not exceed 5 N,less than 5.59 N,the tensile strength of the seedlings.