油茶采穗圃树体截干对穗条性状的影响

Effect of Trunk Cutting on Scion Characters of Camellia oleifera L.in Adult Cutting Orchard

为摸清油茶(Camellia oleifera Abel)采穗圃大树截干复壮对穗条性状影响,对国家审定的长林3号、4号、18号、21号、27号、40号、53号和55号良种的树体性状进行测定,选择长林4号、长林18号、长林23号和长林55号进行截干处理,并连续两年对春梢穗条性状进行测定。结果显示:树体指数顺序依次为长林40号(1.18),长林27号(1.15),长林55号(1.05),长林23(1.03),长林21(1.02),长林3号(0.93),长林4(0.92),长林18(0.88),长林53(0.86);树体截干提高了穗条腋芽数量,截干初期腋芽萌发率较高,截干后期穗条性状与CK间的差距缩小;良种间长林4号和55号以截干90 cm为宜,长林18号和23号以截干130 cm为宜。截干初期穗粗对于芽位萌发的影响较强,截干后期则主要受到穗长的影响。综上所述,截干促进了油茶穗条性状的提高,在树形结构间存在差异,因此需根据树体结构采取合理的截干措施,同时对截干后树体应采取合理的修剪,维持树体穗条性状较高的水平。

To investigate effect of trunk cutting on scion character of Camellia oleifera in cutting orchard, the tree characters of the Changlin 3#,Changlin 4#,Changlin 18#,Changlin 21#,Changlin 27#,Changlin 40#, Changlin 53# and Changlin 55# were determined,and Changlin 4#,Changlin 18#,Changlin 23# and Changlin 55# were stumped in winter,and the characters of the spring scions were determined in two consecutive years. The results showed that the tree indexes were in the order of Changlin 40#(1.18),Changlin 27#(1.15),Changlin 55#(1.05),Changlin 23#(1.03),Changlin 21#(1.02),Changlin 3#(0.93),Changlin 4#(0.92),Changlin 18(0.88),Changlin 53#(0.86);trunk cutting increased the axillary bud number,high axillary bud germina- tion rate at the early stage of dry cutting.Trunk cutting generally increased the number of axillary buds,and the germination rate of axillary buds was higher than that of CK at the early stage.The difference in characters of the scions between the samples and CK were narrowed at the later stage.It was optimal for Changlin 4 #and 55# to be stumped at 90 cm,and for Changlin 18# and 23# to be stumped at 130 cm.Scion diameter had a strong effect on bud position and germination in early,but it was affected by scion length in the later stage.To sum up,the trunk cutting promoted the improvement of the characters of the scion of Camellia oleifera,and there was a difference among the tree compositions.Therefore,the reasonable method for trunk cutting should be taken according to the tree composition.Meantime,reasonable pruning of the tree after the trunk cutting should be adopted to maintain the higher level of the scion characters.