间作植被对茶园生态环境和茶叶产量的影响

Effects of Intercropping Vegetation on Ecological Environment and Tea Yield in Tea Plantations

探讨油菜、圆叶决明和樱花分别间作茶园对土壤养分、茶园生物多样性以及茶叶产量的影响。结果显示:与对照相比,茶园间作油菜、圆叶决明和樱花后,茶园土壤有机质含量均值分别为20.27,21.57,22.81 mg/kg,与对照相比无差异;土壤全氮含量均值分别为1.15,2.02,1.58 mg/kg,与对照相比有显著差异;土壤全P含量均值分别为83.27,71.98,109.63 mg/kg,与对照相比有显著差异;土壤全K含量均值分别为:101.89,72.21,80.16 mg/kg,与对照相比有显著差异。与对照相比,茶园间作油菜和樱花后茶园内物种多样性指数和益害比显著提高,分别为1.584和1.815,2.2∶1和3.1∶1;茶园间作圆叶决明后多样性指数和益害比指数降低,为0.799,1.6∶1。圆叶决明间作茶园和油菜间作茶园物种均匀度指数为0.248和0.108,低于对照;樱花间作茶园物种均匀度为0.279,高于对照。樱花间作茶园与对照茶园的昆虫相似性系数最高,为0.95。圆叶决明间作茶园茶叶产量最高,为1 753.08 g/m^2,显著高于对照;樱花间作茶园和油菜间作茶园茶叶产量分别为:1 280 g/m^2和1 097.16 g/m^2,均低于对照。相关性分析显示茶叶产量与土壤有机质、全N含量为正相关性,与茶园生物多样性存在负相关。可以得出:圆叶决明间作茶园可以显著提升茶园土壤全氮含量,樱花间作茶园可以提高土壤中全磷含量,油菜间作茶园可提高土壤中全钾含量;茶园间作樱花可提高茶园益害比;茶园间作圆叶决明有利于提高茶叶产量;茶叶产量与土壤有机质和全氮含量有关。

The effects of intercropping rape,Cassia rotundifolia and Sakura in tea garden on soil nutrients,biodiversity and yield were investigated.The results showed that,compared with the control group,the mean soil organic matter contents in the tea garden were 20.27 mg/kg,21.57 mg/kg and 22.81 mg/kg,respectively,after intercropping rape,Cassia rotundifolia and Sakura.The mean total nitrogen contents of the soil were 1.15 mg/kg, 2.02 mg/kg,and 1.58 mg/kg,respectively.The mean values of total P in the soil were 83.27 mg/kg,71.98 mg/kg and 109.63 mg/kg,respectively.The mean values of total K contents in the soil were:101.89 mg/kg,72.21 mg/ kg,and 80.16 mg/kg,respectively.Compared with the control group,the species diversity index and the ratio of benefit and harm in the tea garden intercropped with rape and Sakura were 1.584 and 1.815,2.2∶1 and 3.1∶1 respectively,both increased significantly.The diversity index and damage ratio index of the tea garden inter-cropped with Cassia rotundifolia decreased to 0.799,1.6∶1.The evenness index of the tea garden intercropped with rape and Cassia rotundifolia were 0.248 and 0.108,lower than that of the control group.The species evenness of the tea garden intercropped with Sakura was 0.279,higher than that of the control group.The insect similarity coefficient between the tea garden Sakura and the control tea garden was the highest,which was 0.95.The highest yield of tea was 1 753.08 g/m^2 in the tea garden intercropped with Cassia rotundifolia,which was significantly higher than that of the control group.The tea yields of the tea garden intercropped with Sakura and rape were 1 280 g/m^2 and 1 097.16 g/m^2,respectively,both lower than that of the control.Correlation analysis showed that tea yield was positively correlated with soil organic matter and total N content,and negatively correlated with the biodiversity of tea garden.Conclusion:the total nitrogen content of tea garden could be significantly in-creased by intercropping tea garden with Cassia rotundifolia.Intercropping Cassia rotundifolia in tea garden can improve the ratio of benefit to harm in the tea garden.Tea garden intercropping with Cassia rotundifolia is bene-ficial to increasing tea yield.Tea yield is related to soil organic matter and total nitrogen content.