不同施肥和光照处理对树葡萄生长特性的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization and Light Treatments on Growth Characteristics of Myrciaria cauliflora Berg

【目的】研究树葡萄对不同施肥和光照处理的响应。【方法】以4年生树葡萄为试验对象,开展不同施肥和光照处理对树葡萄生长特性的影响研究。【结果】不同种类和浓度施肥处理对树葡萄的株高、地径和冠幅生长均具有促进作用,以复合肥0.2 kg/株施肥处理树葡萄株高生长增加最大,比未施肥对照提高15.51%;复合肥0.2 kg/株处理树葡萄地径生长增加最大,比对照增加8.49%;氮肥0.1 kg/株处理树葡萄冠幅增加最大,比对照提高15.37%。不同浓度施肥对树葡萄地径、株高生长影响一致,但对冠幅生长影响不一。随着施肥量的增加,地径、株高生长均有所增加;不同种类肥料及不同浓度施肥处理树葡萄叶绿素a、b含量均有所增加,其中复合肥0.2 kg/株处理对叶绿素a、b含量的提高作用最大;不同程度遮荫对树葡萄株高生长均没有影响,但一定程度上抑制了地径生长及叶绿素a、b含量。【结论】在生产中,建议施用复合肥0.2 kg/株,其对树葡萄的株高、地径生长有促进作用。

【Objective】The response of Myrciaria cauliflora Berg to different fertilization and light treatments were studied.【Method】Taking the 4-year-old raw M.cauliflora as experimental objects,the effects of different fertilization and light treatments on the growth characteristics of M.cauliflora were studied.【Result】Different types and concentrations of fertilizer were conductive to the increase in plant height,ground diameter and crown width of the M.cauliflora.The maximum increase in plant height was found in the condition of 0.2 kg compound fertilizer/plant,increased by 15.51%compared with that of non-fertilization(CK);The maximum increase in ground diameter of M.cauliflora was found in the condition of 0.2 kg compound fertilizer/plant,increased by 8.49%compared with that of the CK;The maximum increase in crown width of the M.cauliflora was found in the condition of 0.1 kg nitrogen fertilizer per plant,increased by 15.37%compared with that of the CK.Different concentrations of fertilizer had the same effect on the growth of ground diameter and plant height,but had different effects on crown width.The growth of ground diameter and plant height increased with the increase of fertilization amount.The contents of chlorophyll a and b increased under the treatments of different types and concentrations of fertilizers.Among all the treatments,the treatment with the compound fertilizer of 0.2 kg/plant had the greatest effect on the improvement of chlorophyll a and b content;Shading of different degrees had no effect on the growth of plant height of M.cauliflora,but inhibited the growth of ground diameter and the content of chlorophyll a and b to some extent.【Conclusion】The application of compound fertilizer of 0.2 kg/plant in production had a promoting effect on the growth of plant height and ground diameter of M.cauliflora Berg.