根癌农杆菌介导的遗传转化及其在稻瘟病菌中的应用

Application of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated Transformation in Magnaporthe oryzae

根癌农杆菌介导的遗传转化(ATMT)技术是近20年发展起来的真菌研究中最具变革性的技术之一,它作为一种转化工具已被广泛应用于真菌基因功能研究中,使人们对真菌基因组学的理解有了很大的改变。利用ATMT获得随机的T-DNA插入突变体库,结合突变体菌株表型筛选,使许多过程的遗传基础得到阐明。ATMT法具有操作简单,转化受体广泛,转化效率高以及转化子遗传稳定性高等优势。稻瘟病菌是植物十大重要真菌之一,是引发水稻稻瘟病的病原真菌。目前,培育水稻抗病品种是控制稻瘟病最经济和环保的方法。通过克隆稻瘟病菌相关致病基因并研究其功能,在解释致病机理和生理特性,以及培育抗病品种方面具有重要的理论和实践意义。以根癌农杆菌为介导的遗传转化为稻瘟病菌的插入突变、基因敲除和标记克隆等方面研究提供了一个重要工具。针对根癌农杆菌介导的遗传转化原理、特点、步骤、影响因素以及该技术在稻瘟病菌功能基因组学研究中的应用进行综述,以期能够为稻瘟病菌等真菌的遗传转化方面研究提供相关的参考。

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation(ATMT)is one of the most revolutionary techniques in fungal research in recent 20 years.As a transformation tool,it has been widely used in the study of fungal gene function,which made people have a better understanding of fungal genomics.Combined with phenotype screening of mutants,random T-DNA obtained by ATMT was inserted into mutant library and the genetic basis of many processes was elucidated.ATMT possesses the advantages of simple operation,wide transformation receptors,high transformation efficiency and high stability of transformants etc.Magnaporthe oryzae,one of the top ten important fungi in plants,is the pathogenic fungus that causes rice blast.At present,the most economical and environmentally-friendly method to control rice blast is to cultivate rice resistant varieties.It is of great theoretical and practical significance to explain the pathogenic mechanism and physiological characteristics and cultivate disease-resistant varieties by cloning the pathogenic genes related to Magnaporthe oryzae and studying their functions.ATMT provided an important tool for the study of insertion mutation,gene knockout and marker cloning of Magnaporthe oryzae.The principle,characteristics,steps,and influencing factors of ATMT and its application in functional genomics study of Magnaporthe oryzae were reviewed in order to provide relevant references for the study of genetic transformation of fungi such as Magnaporthe oryzae etc.