猪德尔塔冠状病毒研究进展

Research Progress on Porcine Deltacoronavirus

猪德尔塔冠状病毒(Porcine Deltacoronavirus,PDCoV)为δ冠状病毒成员,是2012年新发现的一种感染猪的冠状病毒,临床特征是引起母猪和仔猪腹泻症状,以呕吐、水样腹泻、脱水和食欲下降为基本特征,发病仔猪中的死亡率为30%～40%。该病于2014年在美国猪场爆发,同年在我国内陆爆发,随后几年该病已经蔓延至世界上许多国家和地区,给养殖业带来了巨大的经济损失。目前针对PDCoV已经建立了一系列检测方法,检测结果显示PDCoV既存在单独感染,也存在与其他猪肠道冠状病毒混合感染情况,然而目前针对PDCoV的致病机制研究较少,对该病的认识不够全面,仍没有有效疫苗防控该病的发生。综述了PDCoV基因组特征、蛋白功能、流行病学、遗传进化分析、检测方法及防控措施等方面的研究现状,以期为PDCoV致病机制研究和临床研究提供借鉴。

Porcine Deltacoronavirus(PDCoV)is a member of theδ-coronavirus,a newly discovered coronavirus in 2012 which can infect porcine.Such coronavirus is clinically characterized by diarrhea symptoms in sows and piglets and basically characterized by vomiting,watery diarrhea,dehydration and loss of appetite.The mortality rate of the infected piglets is 30%-40%.The disease outbroke in the United States in 2014.The disease emerged in our country in the same year and has spread to many countries and regions in the following years,which brought huge economic losses to pig industry.At present,a series of test methods have been established for PDCoV infection,test results showed that PDCoV not only infected pigs alone but also mixed with other porcine intestinal coronavirus to infect pigs.However,up to now,there are few researches on the pathogenic mechanism of PDCoV and the understanding of the disease is not comprehensive enough.There is still no effective vaccine for preventing and controlling the emergence of the disease.In this paper,the current research status of PDCoV genome characteristics,protein function,epidemiology,genetic and evolutionary analysis,detection methods and prevention and control measures were summarized so as to provide reference for the study of pathogenic mechanism and clinical research of PDCoV.