差异的目光:17—18世纪欧洲的“中国园林”形象呈现与误读

Discrepant View:The Appearance and Misconception of the Image of Chinese Garden in Europe from 17^(th) to 18^(th) Centuries

17—18世纪的"中国风"促进了中国园林形象在欧洲的传播,并见证了中西园林的跨文化交流。互为"异域"的中西文化与历史语境的影响,造成了欧洲人观看中国园林时差异的目光。通过还原此时商业与宗教传播路径中以及英国自然风景园变革背景下,中国园林形象呈现与再现的特点,辨析其背后的主客观动机,分析欧洲视野下中国园林形象衍变历程,从而揭示中英自然式园林的"貌合神离"之下蕴含的中西方在自然观念与审美上的本质差异,以及误读存在的客观性与必然性。

The "Chinoiserie" between 17th and 18th centuries had promoted the spread of the image of Chinese garden and witnessed the cross-cultural communication between Chinese and the Occident.The reciprocal "foreign land" between Chinese and European cultures and the influence of historical context had caused the discrepant view of European on Chinese gardens. The characteristics of appearance and reproduction of Chinese garden image that spread through commercial and religious paths were reappeared taking the revolution of the English landscape garden into account.Then the underlying objective and subjective motivation and the development process of the image of Chinese garden in the European's view was analyzed.Lastly the essential differences of the concepts toward nature and aesthetics between Chinese and Europe under the resemblance of Chinese garden and English landscape garden is revealed and thus the existence of misconception can be seen as objective and inevitable.