《黑格尔法哲学批判》在早期马克思思想发展史中的意义——基于《法哲学原理》和《黑格尔法哲学批判》的对勘式阅读

The Significance of Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right in the History of the Development of the Early Thought of Marx——Based on Elements of the Philosophy of Right and Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right

学界普遍认为,马克思的独立思想发端于《黑格尔法哲学批判》。这个文本的重要性自不待言,围绕这部手稿展开的研究也层出不穷。但是,一般的研究通常只关注政治经济学转向的逻辑,而没有抓住马克思批判的内在逻辑。马克思之所以关注黑格尔的法哲学,除了受《莱茵报》时期的政治实践和青年黑格尔派的影响,也与人的解放问题相关。后者构成马克思和黑格尔共同的关切。基于整体的思路,黑格尔将伦理国家作为解决市民社会问题的方案;马克思却通过内在的批判发现黑格尔的论证无法完成市民社会向国家的过渡。因此,马克思不再将政治国家视为解决社会问题的方法,并在方法论上放弃了青年黑格尔派观念论的批判方法,逐渐开辟出自己的道路。

The academic circles generally believe that Marx's independent thought originated from Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right. The importance of this text is self-evident, and the researches concerning this manuscript are massive. However, the general researches usually focus on the logic of political economics, but fail to grasp the inner logic of Marx's criticism. The reason why Marx pays attention to Hegel's philosophy of right is that he is not only influenced by the political practice and the young Hegelians, but also cares about the issue of human liberation. The latter constitutes the common concern of Marx and Hegel. Based on the overall thinking, Hegel regards the ethical state as a solution to the problem of civil society. Marx discovers in Hegel's argument that the transition of civil society to the ethical state cannot be completed. Therefore, Marx no longer regards the political state as a way to solve social problems, and with regard to methodology, he gives up the critical method of the young Hegelians and gradually opens up his own path.