中国近代保守主义思想及其评析——以张之洞、梁漱溟为中心

Modern Chinese Conservatism and Its Comments:An Analysis of Zhang Zhidong and Liang Shuming

源自欧陆思想家的保守主义思潮塑造了政治文化特有的思维模式和话语实践策略。张之洞"中体西用"论开启了中国近代保守主义先河,在体用之间寻找中西会通的尺度与策略。及至梁漱溟以"文化路向"说反思东西方文化特征,通过建设"新礼俗"尝试科学与民主的中国实践方案。然而,中国近代保守主义者对中国实现现代化转型的判断过于简单自信。对西方文化理解上存在明显的理论误会,并有意在诠释策略上坚守体用思维逻辑以消解西方元素的价值理性。当保守主义发展到文化决定论阶段更无法恰当地把握中国的时代困境,其解决社会问题的能力极为有限。因此,在充分肯定中国近代保守主义内在价值的同时应对此种思想给予审慎的估价。

European Conservatism constructed a unique way of thinking and discourse practices of political culture.Zhang Zhidong initiated a theory of“Chinese essence with Western utility”which is the beginning of Chinese Conservatism.He committed to establish communications between China and Western.In addition,Liang Shuming reflected on the Characteristics of Eastern and Western Cultures.He attempted to construct a Chinese proposal of democracy and science relying on“new etiquette and custom”.However,Chinese conservatives overestimated the possibilities of Chinese modernization.They adhered to the logic of“essence with utility”,and dispelled western value rationality.The theory of Cultural determinism of Chinese conservatives unable to find and solve Chinese problems.Generally speaking,we should give a prudent appraisal to Chinese Conservatism in Chinese thoughts history.