中国居民环保意识与行为背离的影响因素研究——基于CGSS2010调查数据分析

On Influence Factors of the Deviation of Environmental Awareness and Behavior of Chinese Residents—— An Analysis of the 2010 Chinese General Social Survey

居民环保意识和行为相悖的现实成为阻碍"美丽中国"发展目标达成的关键因素。为此,以计划行为理论为基础,利用2010年的CGSS调查数据,深入分析中国居民环保意识与环保行为背离的原因及影响机制。研究发现:主观规范和环保意识与行为的差异呈正相关关系,环保行为意向和污染感知仅能负向影响日常环保领域的环保意识与行为,对公共环保行为无显著影响,占主导地位的因素是环保知识,二者的差距主要源于居民环保知识的不足。据此,可从加强立法和执法力度、增强居民环保教育和宣传、全面普及环保知识、适当减少个人环保压力等方面入手,促使公众的环保行为落到实处,努力缩小居民环保意识与行为的差距。

The contradiction between the residents’awareness of environmental protection and their actual behaviors has become an obstacle on the way to“Beautiful China”. To solve the problem,this paper further explored the causes and influences of Chinese residents’deviation of environmental awareness and their behaviors,based on the data of 2010 CGSS and the planned behavior theory. It has been found that the inconsistency of environmental awareness and behavior is positively related to subjective norm;the intention of environmental behavior as well as the perception of pollution can only exert a negative impact on the environmental awareness and behaviors of daily life while having no significant effect on that in public areas. The dominant influence factor of the deviation is environmental knowledge,lack of which results in the inconsistency. Hereby,this paper proposes the countermeasures of strengthening the legislation and law enforcement,promoting environmental education and publicity,popularizing environmental knowledge,and relieving individual pressure of environmental protection,so as to help residents take actual action to protect environment and bridge the gap between their awareness and behaviors.