农村经济改革的核心是重建产权制度

Rebuilding the Property Rights System as the Core of Rural Economic Reform

新时代的一个重要理论创新,就是使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用。这是适应全面深化改革的要求。为此,就必须提高农村要素或资源的市场化程度,让农村的要素或资源都能流通。如何实现公有制与市场经济的结合,是我国农村改革所要解决的重大课题。而在公有财产上设定个人财产权,是解决私权进入市场的重要途径。他物权是所有权权能分离的产物。他物权指的是非所有权人排他性地支配他人之物的法律制度。社会资源由国家集中统一配置,是计划经济的基本特征,把市场和产权排除在经济运行体制之外。随着市场取向改革的推进以及农村要素或资源市场化程度的提高,农民的产权从无到有、从少到多,并因此深刻改变农村的面貌,大幅度增加农民的收入。转让权是农村产权制度的核心。

In this new era, it is an important theoretical innovation that the market should have the decisive role in the allocation of resources. This is the requirement of deepening the reform comprehensively. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the marketization degree of rural elements or resources, and make them circulate smoothly. How to realize the combination of public ownership and market economy is an important topic to be solved for the rural reform in China, and setting up the personal property right on the base of public property is an important path to get the private right into the market. Right over other people's property is the outcome of separated power of ownership, which, as a legal phrase, means that non-owner has the exclusive power to deal with other people's property. Social resources are allocated by the country collectively. This measure, as the basic characteristic of planned economy, excludes the market and property right outside the operation system of economy. With the reform of market orientation carried out further, and the increasing of market degree of rural elements or resources, the peasants' property right has undergone the process of from none to a little, and then to more, which may change the situation of the rural areas deeply and increase the income of the peasants greatly. The right of transfer is the core of rural property right system.