细菌生物膜、滞留菌及其相关感染防控研究进展

Research progress of bacterial biofilm,persisters,as well as prevention and control for the related infection

细菌生物膜是细菌不同于游离状态的一种特殊存在模式。由于细菌生物膜独特的理化性质,使得其难于被检测、消除,导致了临床上相当数量的难治性感染性疾病。生物膜中更是存在休眠状态的菌体-滞留菌,滞留菌的耐药性使得感染更难以治愈。积极探索如何防治生物膜感染对临床治疗有实际的指导意义。目前,针对如何预防生物膜相关感染有许多非特异性的策略,包括:(1)防止微生物污染医疗器械;(2)最大程度减少微生物对医疗器械的黏附;(3)直接移除感染源头。此外,人们对通过物理手段、应用抗菌药物和抗菌多肽,抑制瓦解生物膜等方法治疗生物膜感染进行了积极的探索研究。生物膜导致的持续性感染对常规抗菌药物耐受,提示生物膜防控策略亟需改进,新的防控策略亟需探索。

Bacterial biofilm is a special existing mode of bacteria which is different from free state. Because of the unique physicochemical properties of bacterial biofilm,it is difficult to be detected and eliminated,which leads to a considerable number of refractory infectious diseases in clinical practice. There is dormant bacteria-persisters in biofilm which make infection more difficult to cure due to drug resistance. Actively exploring how to prevent and treat biofilm infection has practical guiding significance for clinical treatment. At present,there are many non-specific strategies to prevent biofilm-related infection,including:(1) preventing microbial contamination of medical devices;(2) minimizing microbial adherence to medical devices;(3) directly removing the source of infection. In addition,people have actively explored the treatment of biofilm infection by physical means,application of antimicrobial agents and antibacterial polypeptide,as well as inhibition and disintegration of biofilm. Resistance to conventional antimicrobial agents in persistent infection caused by biofilm suggests that biofilm prevention and control strategies need to be improved urgently,and new prevention and control strategies need to be explored urgently.