超声在诊断肺部感染相关性疾病的应用

APPLICATION OF PULMONARY ULTRASOUND IN DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY INFECTION RELATED DISEASES

肺疾病是儿童和新生儿最普遍的临床疾病,也是小于5岁儿童主要死亡原因。传统肺疾病诊断主要依赖X线和CT,由于二者射线暴露使其在使用时有一定局限性。自20世纪九十年代以来,以Lichtenstein博士为首的研究学者利用超声波反射和折射基本原理使肺超声问世。与传统超声不同,肺超声除显示正常影像,更多征象来自超声波产生的伪像,其中最有利用价值的伪像是混响伪像。混响伪像是源于特殊反射界面导致重复反射形成空间上等距的线性回声。最重要的异常伪像是彗星尾征又称B线。B线数量多少与肺组织气体损失多少有关,肺超声利用肺组织解剖病理学特征和声像伪影之间的相关性对肺部疾病进行快速、准确诊断。目前肺超声已经被广泛应用到临床,尤其是儿童重症医学、儿科急诊中,对于重症肺炎的患儿肺超声已经替代放射检查对肺炎的进展进行追踪、随访。

Pulmonary disease is the most common clinical disease in children and newborns, and it is also the main cause of death in children under 5 years old. The traditional diagnosis of lung diseases mainly depends on X-ray and CT Since the 1990 s, researchers led by Dr Lichtenstein have made use of the fundamental principles of ultrasonic reflection and refraction. Different from traditional ultrasound, pulmonary ultrasound not only shows normal images, but also comes from the artifacts produced by ultrasound, among which the most valuable artifacts are reverberations. Reverberation artifacts are caused by a particular reflection interface that results in heavy Complex reflection forms a linear echo of equidistant space. The most important abnormal artifacts such as comet tail sign, also known as B line. B line number is related to the amount of gas loss in lung tissue. Pulmonary ultrasound makes use of the correlation between pathological features of lung tissue anatomy and sonogram to diagnose lung diseases quickly and accurately. Abstract: pulmonary disease is the most common clinical disease in children and newborns, and it is also the main cause of death in children under 5 years old. The traditional diagnosis of lung diseases mainly depends on X-ray and CT,. Since the 1990 s, researchers led by Dr Lichtenstein have made use of the fundamental principles of ultrasonic reflection and refraction. Different from traditional ultrasound, pulmonary ultrasound not only shows normal images, but also comes from the artifacts produced by ultrasound, among which the most valuable artifacts are reverberations. Reverberation artifacts are caused by a particular reflection interface that results in heavy Complex reflection forms a linear echo of equidistant space. The most important abnormal artifacts such as comet tail sign, also known as B line. B line number is related to the amount of gas loss in lung tissue. Pulmonary ultrasound makes use of the correlation between pathological features of lung tissue anatomy and sonogram to diagnose lung diseases quickly and accurately. At present, pulmonary ultrasound has been widely used in clinical practice, especially in children’s critical medicine. In pediatric emergency, pulmonary ultrasound has been used to track and follow up.