涉外合同及财产纠纷管辖权确定标准之困境与完善——以“实际联系标准”为例

Dilemma and Improvement of Jurisdiction Standard for Foreign-related Contracts and Property Disputes——Take “Practical Linkage Standard” as an Example

在经济全球化和我国对外贸易不断发展的背景之下,逐渐增多以及日益复杂的涉外合同及财产纠纷暴露出我国涉外管辖制度的缺陷。“实际联系标准”作为涉外合同及财产纠纷管辖权的确定标准之一,自在我国确定以来产生了立法目的与实际效果失衡的矛盾,这不仅不利于在涉外案件中我国管辖权的正当行使,也违背了法学在二十一世纪维护个案正义与实体正义的目标。在特殊地域管辖方面,我国有必要改变封闭式列举的方法,综合考量多重因素确定实际联系地;在协议管辖方面,我国可以承认选择法律作为判断标准,同时与《海牙选择法院公约》相协调。

Under the background of economic globalization and the continuous development of international trade,the increasing number of foreign contracts and property disputes have exposed the defects of our foreign jurisdiction system.As one of the criteria for determining the jurisdiction of foreign contracts and property disputes,the “actual connection standard” has produced the contradiction between the legislative purpose and the actual effect.This is not only harmful to the proper exercise of China's jurisdiction,but also contrary to the goal of substantive justice.When dealing with the issue of special regional jurisdiction,it is necessary for China to change the closed enumeration method and comprehensively consider multiple factors to determine the actual place of connection.In terms of the jurisdiction of the agreement,our country can recognize the choice of law as a judgment criterion,and at the same time coordinate with the Convention on Choice of Court Agreements.