食用油对身体健康的影响及与肠道菌群的关系

Effect of edible oil on health: Relationship with intestinal microflora

油脂是人类饮食中重要的营养元素,它与人类生活紧密联系.长期以来人们对油脂的认识不足,造成了一些对油脂摄取的认知盲区.油脂摄入量不当会改变血中甘油三酯、胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度,增加心脑血管疾病、肥胖症、脂肪肝、胃肠道疾病等慢性病发生的危险,同时高脂饮食也会扰乱肠道微生物继而引发肠癌.目前研究发现饮食对于塑造肠道菌群至关重要,因此在无法大规模改变宿主基因组成的前提下,研究如何通过油脂影响机体疾病的发生和发展具有更现实的意义.本文从食用油摄取不当—导致菌群失调—引发各种疾病的角度来作一些简单的探讨,引导人们正确选择油脂来改善肠道菌群的平衡.

Oil is an important nutrient in the human diet, and it is closely related to human life. For a long time, people’s understanding of oil has been insufficient, resulting in some blind spots for oil intake. Excessive oil intake will increase blood triglyceride(TG), cholesterol(TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) concentrations, and the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, obesity, fatty liver, and gastrointestinal tract diseases will be increased. Moreover, high-fat diets can also disrupt intestinal microbes and cause intestinal cancer. On the other hand, if oil intake is too low, the intake of essential fatty acids will be insufficient, and the absorption and utilization of fat-soluble vitamins will be reduced. The energy substances required for probiotics in the intestine will be reduced, and eventually the imbalance of human flora will lead to a variety of metabolic diseases. This article makes some simple discussions from the perspective of improper intake of edible oils, which will lead to dysbacteriosis and cause various diseases, with an aim to guide people to correctly choose dietary oils to improve the balance of intestinal flora.